Background and Objective: Body composition changes such as high body fat percentage, muscle weakening and resulting physical problems such as low back pain and weakness in balance and reduced walking speed are among the problems faced by the elderly. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of water-based aerobic training on the dynamic balance and walking speed of obese elderly men withlow back pain. Materials and Methods: This research was a semi-experimentalstudy with pre-test and post-test design. The subjects were 36 elderly aged persons (62.3±2.6 kg; 163.1±2.1 cm)with low back pain, body fat percentage higher than 35%, waist-hip ratio of over 95% and visceral fat above 100 cm2. In this way, using a systematic non-random sampling technique, the samples were divided into experimental and control groups randomly (each group included 18 subjects).While the control group continued their daily routines,the experimental group performed aerobic exercises for 4 months and three sessions of 60 minutes. All body composition variables were measured using the body composition analysis, walking speed by walking speed test of 10m, and the ability to maintain balance by time up and go test before and after the trainings. Independent and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data via SPSS software at the significant level of P < 0.050. Results: It was suggested that experimental group had a significant decrease in the test time of 10 m walking speed (p = 0.001), time up and go test (p = 0.001), as well as in obesity variables (p = 0.001) and back pain (p = 0.001) after four months; however, no significant reduction was observed in any of the test times and variables of obesity and low back pain in the control group. Conclusion: aerobic exercise seemsto improve walking speed, maintain balance and also reduce obesity and low back pain in obese elderly people and can be used in conjunction with other training programs. However, this research has its own limits and further research is needed.

Introduction: According to previous studies, it has been shown that weakness in balance and low capacity of pulmonary capacity is one of the main problems in people with congenital deafness. There is a close and meaningful relationship between pulmonary function. Also, balance is one of the factors affecting the quality of life. Its improvement improves the quality of life. The simultaneous strengthening of respiratory and balance improvement functions should be emphasized in order to bring a quality of life closer to normal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a combination of aerobic training and central stability on respiratory volume and balance of congenital deaf students. M ethods: This study was a singleblind clinical trial performed at a Deaf School in Qazvin, Iran. The present study was a posttest and pre-test design was performed on 24 congenital deaf students who were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (each group of 12). The experimental group performed exercises for 6 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes. During the same period, the control group did not participate in any training program. Before and after training, the volume and pulmonary capacities were measured by a Spirometer, static balance using the (BESS) and dynamic balance test using Star Balance Test (SEBT) was measured. Data were analyzed by the independent samples t-test and ANCOVA test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: According to the results of this study, there was a significant difference in the mean post -test of dynamic and static balance and respiratory functions after carrying out training program in the intervention group. Conclusion: It seems that the aerobic and core stability combination training can improve respiratory volumes as well as a static and dynamic balance in hearing impairment and can be used in conjunction with other training programs.

Objective: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder has dramatically increased over the past decades. People with autism disorder have weakness in maintaining the balance and disturbance of the posture due to developmental deficits in the nervous system and inferiority. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of integrative neuromuscular training on postural control of children with autism spectrum.Methods: This experimental study was conducted with pre/post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the present study was all children with autism spectrum disorder in Qazvin town, among whom 24 were selected using Gilliam Garz Diagnostic Index and randomly divided into two groups of intervention (12) and control (12). Then, the intervention group was performed integrative neuromuscular training three times a week, but the control group did not performed a special integrative neuromuscular training program during the research period. ANCOVA test was used to analyse the data via SPSS software at the significant level of P < 0.05 Results:The results indicated a significant difference in BESS and SEBT over six weeks in for the intervention group (P ≤ 0.05). Also, the results indicated significant differences in three excursions (Anterior, Postromedial, and Postrolateral) for intervention group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion:Integrative neuromuscular training program has a positive effect on postural control ability of the children with autism spectrum. so, these training can be prescribed as an effective program for the rehabilitation of children with autism spectrum.

Introduction: According to the previous studies, the balance is the important part of the success in the sports performance. Also, balance plays a great role in preventing sports injuries. So, Strengthening and improving balance functions to reduce injuries, costs of treatment and avoidance of competitions should be emphasized. So, The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of total resistance exercise on equilibrium functions of Futsal players. Methods: The present study was an experimental type with pretest and posttest design. The statistical population consisted of 24 qualified Futsal players that divided into equal groups in the intervention (12) and control (12) groups. The intervention group performed TRX training ones for six weeks in three sessions of 60 minutes per week. During the research, the control group performed their routine exercises. The dynamic equilibrium was evaluated by the star excursion balance Test before and 6 weeks after of exercise. Paired T and Independent t-test and were used for data analysis in Spss version 23. Result: According to the present research, the ability of the intervention group in performing the balance test was significantly improved. While these changes were not significant for the control group. Conclusion: TRX training seems to improve the futsal players balance performance and it is recommended that coaches and athletes use these exercises to improve their balance.