Background:Cell phone is a mere fascinating, as well as entertainment object and serves to keep young individuals in constant contact with their peers; and gives them a feeling of autonomy, identity and credibility.Objectives:Considering the increasing trend of using cell phones, the aim of the current study was to assess the extent to which the students of Mazandaran university of medical sciences use their phones after light-out, and to determine its relationship with sleep quality, headache, tiredness, and distractibility, after elimination of the impact of stressful events.Materials and Methods:Overall, 358 students from different schools of the university participated in a cross-sectional study with self-report questionnaires (demographic questionnaire, cell phone use questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, and social readjustment rating scale). Descriptive indices were used to express data, and the chi-square and logistic regression were used to interpret the results.Results:Overall, 60% of the students used their cell phones after lights were out. There was a significant relationship between using cell phones late at night and insomnia, low energy, tiredness and headache. Once the impact of stressful events was eliminated, the relationship remained significant only for insomnia. No significant relationship was observed between using cell phones and distractibility.Conclusions:Students of Mazandaran university of medical sciences used their cell phones extensively after lights were out and the resulting insomnia may have affected their learning, as well as the quality of medical services provided by them.

Background and Purpose: Length of stay is one of the most useful indicators, which can be used for aims, such as managing hospital, determining quality of control and available resources of the hospital. Concerning the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the community, studying the factors affecting the length of stay of these patients in psychiatric hospitals seemed to be useful and significant. Materials and methods: The present research was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 152 patients with psychiatric disorders hospitalized in the Psychiatry Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The final diagnosis of psychiatric disorder based on the DSM-V criteria and the length of stay at the end was recorded. The collected data were then analyzed by SPSS Software ver. 16 Results: Length of stay was significantly higher in men than women (p <0.001). In terms of diagnosis, the maximum duration of hospitalization was related to psychotic disorders (p = 0.001), and the length of stay increased significantly 0.21 day for each time of hospitalization. (p=0.008) Conclusion: The length of stay in men with psychotic disorders and more frequent hospitalization was found to be higher than others. Hence, it seemed necessary to consider plans about these patients.

AimConsidering the excessive contacts of the hospital staff with death and the ability of death anxiety to reduce functional ability in an individual.the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of death anxiety among a state hospital staff.MethodsThis is a descriptive study that conducted in an overall of 612 individuals received a questionnaire at a state hospital in Sari(Iran) during spring 2008. The questionnaire was consisted of two parts; demographic part and Templer Death Anxiety Scale (DAS; Templer, 1970). The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16.0 using t test and chi-square test.ResultsThe range of age was 20-53. About 42.2% of the participants had mild death anxiety while 57.8% had severe death anxiety. The mean scores achieved by the individuals was 7.70 ± 3.133 in women and 6.19 ± 2.552 in men. The severity of death anxiety had a significant correlation with sex while having no correlation with age, marital status, having or not having children, educational level and occupation.ConclusionDue to high levels of death anxiety among the staffs, mental Health interventions are recommended to the same population in order to improve the mental health Quality. Additionally, performing comprehensive studies in the general population is needed.

Background and Aims:The hemodialysis (HD) patients are experiencing high biopsychosocial stress on all levels. Therefore, this study was designed to survey on physiologic and psychosocial stressors among HD patients in two educational hospitals of Northern Iran.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included 80 HD patients who were referred to Khomeini and Fatemeh Zahra hospitals in Mazandaran (Northern Iran) during the year 2011. Data were collected using a demographic information record sheet and Baldree Hemodialysis Stress Scale.Finding:The following physiologic stressors were noted: Fatigue (51.25%), limited time and places for enjoyment (46.25%), and physical activation limitation (32.5%). Similarly the following psychosocial stressors were observed: Fistula (58.75%), limitation of drinking water (47.5%), low quality of life (47.5%), travelling difficulties to the dialysis center (45%), treatment cost (41.5%), and low life expectancy. The stress level was high in women who were married, younger, less dialysis vintage, and belonged to a low education level.Conclusion:This study reports that HD patients have with significant physical and psychosocial problems and they need education, family, and social supports.

Objective: The debilitating role of emotion and stress in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been highlighted in various literatures. The aim of this study is to evaluate role of defense mechanisms, resilience and cognitive distortion, which are considered influential factors with respect to stress management and emotion regulation among patients with MS. Materials and Methods:This study consisted of 100 patients with MS and 100 healthy individuals in Sari (Mazandaran province, Iran), who were selected via convenient sampling method. In order to collect data, we used Defensive Style Questionnaire (DSQ40), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD_RISK) and Abdollahzadeh's cognitive distortions scale (CDS). Results:According to results of currents study, there is no significant difference among people with MS and healthy individuals in term of using defense mechanisms at Mature and Neurotic levels (sig>0.05) and there is significant difference between healthy people and people with MS with respect to immature level (sig<0.05). The findings by Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISK) showed that the resilience of healthy people is more than people with MS (65/14 versus 57/5). The study also found that healthy people have more average cognitive distortion in comparing to MS patients (72/96 vs 67/7). Results showed that there is significant difference in overgeneralization, disqualifying the positives, emotional reasoning, expression of should and personalization among healthy people and people with multiple sclerosis (sig <0.05) but there is no significant difference among other indicators of cognitive distortions (All or Nothing Thinking, Filtering, Jumping To Conclusion, Magnification versus Minimization and Labeling) (Sig> 0.05). Conclusion:Current study, highlighted importance of evaluating psychological variables and their influences on quality of life among MS patients. It appears plausible that assessment of MS patients regarding their defense mechanisms, resiliency and cognitive distortion is essential; after aforementioned assessment clinicians can tailor suitable psychotherapeutic intervention with respect to exclusive needs of patients.