BackgroundPosttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to positive psychological change experienced as a result of the struggle with highly challenging life circumstances. PTG in cancer survivors is related to several psychosocial factors such as psychological hardiness and marital satisfaction.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of posttraumatic growth based on psychological hardiness and marital satisfaction.Patients and MethodsA total of 120 women with breast cancer were recruited from several hospitals in Isfahan using convenience sampling. Participants completed the research questionnaires including the posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI), the Ahvaz psychological hardiness scale and the Enrich’s marital satisfaction scale (EMS). Statistical analysis including means, standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation and multiple regression analysis were carried out using SPSS software (version 16).ResultsResults indicated that the majority of patients with cancer experienced posttraumatic growth. Findings also showed that psychological hardiness, marital satisfaction and longer time since diagnosis of cancer significantly predicted posttraumatic growth.ConclusionsThis study highlights the significant role of psychological hardiness and marital support in personal growth of breast cancer survivors.

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Background: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common and often severe psychiatric disorder. This disorder is a highly distressing disorder associated with poor quality of life. In addition, it is characterized by persistent and intrusive preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in one’s physical appearance accompanied by repetitive behaviors such as mirror checking, excessive grooming, and reassurance seeking. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of BDD symptoms and body dissatisfaction among college students. Furthermore, the current study examined students’ checking behaviors and the parts of the body that they were most concerned about. This research also sought to examine the comorbidities associated with BDD symptoms, such as eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and social anxiety. Methods: A total of 750 college students were recruited from different schools of the Shiraz University, including Social Science, Engineering, Art, Education and Psychology, and Science and Art, using the cluster sampling method. Two classes were randomly selected in each school, and those who were volunteers took part in this study. Participants completed several questionnaires, including the Body Dysmorphic Disorder questionnaire, Beck Depression inventory, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder scale, Social Phobia inventory, and Eating Attitude test. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used. Results: The results of this study showed that about 77% of college students were dissatisfied with at least one part of their bodies. The findings also revealed that the prevalence of BDD symptoms among college students was 4.5%. Furthermore, our results indicated that college students were mostly concerned about the appearance of their skin followed by hair, nose, weight, stomach, height, teeth, breast, and other parts of the body. In terms of checking behaviors, checking in front of a mirror, reassurance seeking, seeking treatment, and comparing themselves with others were the most common behaviors. The most prevalent comorbidity associated with BDD symptoms was obsessive compulsive disorder followed by social anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. Conclusions: This study highlighted that the majority of college students were dissatisfied with their bodies. This research also showed that college students are at high risk of mental health problems.

Background: Along the cognitive and behavioral changes during adolescence, some changes emerge in the quality and quantity of teenage females' interactions. They spend increasing amount of time with their peers and begin to place more importance on their views and advice. Therefore, parents are not the exclusive source of emotional experiences in this period. On the other hand, emotion socialization is 1 of the factors that affect behavioral problems in this period. Despite the growing body of research which shows the effect of parents and peers' emotion socialization on children's psychopathology, there is no study in Iran to compare the role of parents and peers' emotion socialization in predicting teenage females' psychopathology. An understanding of the parental and peer influences on teenage females' behavioral problems might suggest directions for the focus of interventional programs and family training. Methods: For this purpose, 202 teenage females selected by the convenient sampling method from Shiraz high schools, Iran, completed the measure of emotion socialization (the emotions as a child; EAC2) scale, peer emotion socialization (you and your friends; YYF) scale, and adolescents' problem status (the youth self-report; YSR) questionnaire. Results: Results showed that reward was the most popular strategy that parents and peers used. Also, results showed that parents' magnification and negligence can significantly and positively predict teenage females' psychopathology (P value < 0.001). Parental emotional practices are also shown to have a more important role in prediction of teenage females' psychopathology. Conclusions: Families should be viewed as central to the well-being of adolescents, and informed about their effect on their teenage females' behavioral problems. They should also be trained how to respond to their children emotions.

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness and adherence to medications is vital to manage the illness. The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction of medication adherence based on personality factors in a group of individuals with type 2 diabetes in Yasuj. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty individuals with type 2 diabetes who visited health centers were selected for this study through convenience sampling. The participants completed the NEO-Five Factor Inventory and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS). The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that among the big-five personality factors, only neuroticisms significantly predicted adherence to medications (β= -0.31, P-value< 0.003). Furthermore, the model explained only 19% of the variance in medication adherence (R2= 0.19, P-value< 0.01). Conclusion: This study indicated that a large proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes did not adhere to their medications. This study highlighted that the personality trait of neuroticism was important in predicting medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Infertility and its treatment cause psychological effects, such as confusion, frustration, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and worthlessness in life. Mindfulness reduces negative emotions and increases people's adjustment when faced with stressful life tasks. Therefore, this study aims to predict marital adjustment based on mindfulness in infertile couples. Methods: The present descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 122 infertile couples referred to Mother and Child Hospital in Shiraz selected by convenience sampling method in summer of 2013. After obtaining consent form, demographic questionnaire, dyadic adjustment scale (DAS), and five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by SPSS 23 using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis (P=0.05). Results: Seventy-four couples had been married for less than five years and 48 couples had been married for more than five years with a mean age of 32±5 years. The results indicated that all mindfulness components except non-judgmental inner experience predict marital adjustment (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that mindfulness technique is very effective and has positive influence on improving marital adjustment between infertile couples. Massive mental health education is recommended to educate the infertile couples and governmental and non-governmental agencies are required to help this group of people for effective prevention, treatment, and control of this problem. This treatment can affect marital adjustment in both groups of men and women.

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