No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

In this paper an algorithm to generate all possible distillation column sequences for a nonsharp separation of c components to m multicomponent as well as pure desired products, based on the product specifications, is presented. Each desired product is defined by the minimum and maximum acceptable values of product rates as well as the concentration of each component. The possible sequences are generated by the introduction of a separation matrix. In the proposed algorithm each sequence can include between 1 and c -1 simple and/or complex distillation columns and bypass streams. The sequences with less than c -1 distillation columns can be generated systematically by the proposed algorithm. Also, a design strategy has been proposed for the optimization of the sequences. This algorithm has been used for a nonsharp separation example. A sequence with less than c -1 number of distillation columns and bypass streams is selected as the optimum structure for this example. This optimum sequence can cause significant savings of up to 22% in TAC relative to the traditional sequences with simple distillation columns.

No abstract

Thermal cracking of vacuum distillation residue of Abadan refinery in Iran was performed under delayed coking conditions to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the yield and sulfur content of products. At reactions temperatures of 440 to 500°C and pressures of 1, 3 and 5 bar, the products included gases, liquids, and coke. The yields of liquid products were higher at 1 bar compared with those for higher pressures. Increasing the reaction temperature at given reaction pressure led to an increase in the yield of liquid products. Increasing the reaction pressure at a given reaction temperature led to higher yields of coke and gases as well as a decrease in the sulfur content of coke and liquid products. The effects of iron oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticle additives on the product yields and sulfur content were also investigated. The results indicated that different concentration of additives would increase the liquid yields and decrease the sulfur content of both coke and liquid products as compared with experiments with no nanoparticles added.

No abstract