Dental caries is one of the most prevalent disease (about 50%) in children across the globe. If not treated in time, it can affect not only the mastication function but also the speech, smile and psychosocial environment and the quality of life of the child and the family. The treatment of dental diseases is very expensive in all countries and prevention is very simple and effective. The caries in children below 6 y is called early childhood caries (ECC). It is most commonly caused by milk bottle or mother's feed during night. The ECC spreads very fast and can cause severe pain, abscess, swelling, fever and psychological disturbances in children. The treatment of ECC requires multiple appointments and still the prognosis is not very promising in mutilated dentitions. A physician or pediatrician can easily identify early caries and habits of parents leading to caries and can counsel them for prevention and refer them to the specialist. Good oral hygiene, dietary modification with respect to use of sugar and sticky food and healthy diet can help in preventing this disease in children. The need of the time is to appraise all on the methods of dental caries prevention.

We found NF-kappa B activation in mononuclear and neutrophils in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which increased markedly before death in mononuclear leukocytes and was not related to plasma IL-6, IL-8, and sICAM-1 concentrations. These data support the need for further study of the role of NF-kappa B activation in mortality from systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis.

Aim The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the effectiveness of Oral Health Education programme on Oral Health Status of visually impaired children in New Delhi. A specially designed oral health educational programme consisting of audio aid, Braille booklet and individualized training was implemented to educate and motivate visually impaired children for maintaining their oral health. Methods and results A total sample size of 120 children in the age group of 5–15 years was selected and questionnaire based on WHO criteria 2013 was administrated. In oral examination caries status using DMFT/S and dmft/s and oral hygiene status using plaque index given by Sillness and Loe was evaluated at the baseline and re‐evaluated after nine months. Oral Health Educational Programme was implemented and reinforced every month for nine months. Results showed that at the end of nine months 55.04% children started brushing twice daily as compared to 30% children at baseline. There was a statiscally significant decrease (0.1887±0.332) in plaque index scores at the end of nine months. Conclusion It was concluded that Oral Health Educational Programme was effective in improving the oral hygiene status among visually impaired children.

Leukemia is one of the most common malignancies affecting children in India. These children usually suffer from various oral complications, which may be due to the leukemia or due to the chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiotherapy. The complications may include some of the opportunistic infections like candidiasis, herpes simplex; hemorrhage, mucositis, taste alterations and increased incidence of dental caries etc. These complications can cause significant morbidity and mortality in the patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the various oral complications in these children and the methods of prevention and management.