Subjective well-being (SWB) is a key to a prosperous life. All married couples expect to deliver physicallynormal babies. Unfortunately, some families have special need children. In general, the number SWB parents of children with special needs are lower than SWB parents with typical children. Factors affecting SWB parents of children with special needs need to be determined in order to help develop proper strategies to increase the SWB of these factors. This study analyzed the external and internal SWB factors among parents of children with special needs. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) showed that the internal SWB factors in parents of children with special needs included hope, gratitude, spiritual, emotional control, parenting self-efficacy, resilience, marital status, self-efficacy, mindful parenting, parental assessment and self-compassion. Whereas, external factors included social support, income and family functionality. In regards to the importance of both internal and external factors, parents are expected to have better SWB in caring for their children with special needs.
Divorce phenomenon all across the globe has shown significant increases, which also happens in Indonesia. Based on records from the Supreme Court, there were 480.618 divorces cases in 2019, with 25% cases filed by the husbands and 75% cases filed by the wives. This study aims to identify divorce decision making process in Javanese women from cocial, cultural, and gender perspective using literature review and survey. The survey was conducted because the literature on this topic was limited. Survey was conducted by an author to 78 Javanese women aged 20-5-years have filed divirce to their husband and have children shows results that support the previous research. Criteria for Javanese women here are born from Javanese ethnic or descendants of Javanese people, have Javanese identity like a name that still uses Javanese idiom, practising Javanese obsolete cultural values, and also live in a family that still upholds this Javanese tradition. The literature reviews shows result that gender role still plays a major part, where women is a "guard" which responsible for every house chores, child bearing and obey her husband, makes women often got blamed when divorce happened and treated as incapable of taking care her husband"s dignity and her marriage life. The survey results show these women considered external factors such as children, family reputation, and social status (stigma of being a widow). A conclusion that could be taken from this literature review is that it is not easy to file a divorce for Javanese women, which eventually made them stay in their marital conflict to avoid divorce, because their Javanese culture really upholds marriage value.
The main challenge for educational institutions in the middle of the pandemic is fostering students to maintain character strengths in poor conditions. Various difficulties come quickly, such as changes in the online learning system, strict health protocols that apply to the threat of viruses that are scary all the time. Character strengths have a broad impact on life satisfaction, subjective well-being, friendly relationships, and academic success. This study aims to determine the condition of initial student character strengths, especially those who have just entered college, as positive traits used in dealing with changes during the COVID-19 pandemic and contribute to the development of character strengths theory. Peterson-Seligman. The research subjects were 145 students who filled out the 72-item VIA-IS scale online and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that most early students had high character strengths (68.3%) and responded to change by highlighting their signature strengths of kindness, humor, love, honesty, and gratitude. This research is expected to describe the strength of character as an effort to adapt to change in the middle of the covid-19 pandemic.
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