RESULTS:HiRIT but not BB improved lumbar spine BMD (1.9 ± 0.4% versus -0.6 ± 0.4%, p < 0.005), trochanteric BMD (2.9 ± 0.7 versus -0.6 ± 0.6, p = 0.002) and stature (0.2 ± 0.1 cm versus -0.0 ± 0.1 cm, p = 0.004). HiRIT-med improved BMD more than HiRIT alone at the femoral neck (4.9 ± 1.3% versus -0.0 ± 0.7%, p = 0.008) and total hip (2.2 ± 0.7% versus -0.5 ± 0.4%, p = 0.007). HiRIT and BB both improved muscle strength and functional performance but HiRIT effects were greater for isometric back muscle strength (31.8 ± 3.2% versus 14.4 ± 3.1%, p < 0.005) and five times sit-to-stand test (-11.8 ± 1.8% versus -3.8 ± 1.8%, p = 0.002). Both programs were well tolerated (7 adverse events: HiRIT, 3; BB, 4) and exercise compliance was good (82.4 ± 1.3%). CONCLUSION: High intensity resistance and impact training improved bone mass, muscle strength, functional performance and stature while Pilates-based exercise only improved functional performance. Combining osteoporosis medication with HiRIT may enhance effects on bone at the hip but more trials are needed to fully test the interaction.
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