In current electric vehicles batteries fulfill only the role of power source and are stored within the passenger cabin, protected from external impact loads. This study considers a multifunctional, damage tolerant battery system which combines the energetic material with mechanically sacrificing elements that control mechanical stresses and dissipate energy. With such a multifunctional battery system in place it is proposed to place the battery pack into the secondary safe zone of a unibody-type vehicle. Full-vehicle crash analysis via finite element simulations are conducted for several battery pack configurations, thereby comparing the multifunctional battery system to battery packs with batteries alone and battery packs where cellular solids are used as energy absorbers. The analysis demonstrates the use of a multifunctional (damage tolerant and energy storage capable) battery system to ensure battery safety and aid in the energy absorption in a crash overall. The use of the multifunctional battery systems can aid in solving technology limitations of electric vehicles.
In this paper, we report on a multifunctional battery assembly, which possesses a balanced combination of energy storage capability and resistance to electrical failure under mechanical impact loading. The Granular Battery Assembly (GBA) presented here exhibits a mechanical response that emerges from features of granular and cellular media. We demonstrate that for the specific GBA embodiment considered in the present study, the electrical reliability following a mechanical loading event is substantively increased compared to that of plain battery cells. The increased reliability is due to the sacrificial material elements interspersed between the battery units, attributing energy absorption and local stress limiting.
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