Co-rumination has maladaptive (repetitive, unproductive discussion of problems) components, but also shows an association with friendship satisfaction. The current review found that co-rumination has small-moderate association with depression and anxiety. Practitioners should be aware of the way in which people discuss affective distress with others.

Social anxiety in adolescence is manifested by anxiety about and avoidance of social interactions. The present study examined whether social anxiety predicts higher levels of both rumination and co-rumination over time. Rumination and co-rumination were studied as possible outcomes because the cognitive content of these processes often involves interpersonal concerns. A three-wave longitudinal study of 575 adolescents (aged 13-16 years old) was conducted over 6 months. Adolescent girls reported higher levels of social anxiety, rumination, and co-rumination than boys. Structural equation modelling analysis showed that social anxiety directly predicted higher levels of rumination and indirectly predicted higher levels of co-rumination over time. A gender difference was noted in that these relationships were more robust for girls than for boys.

PurposeProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common forms of cancer amongst males. Men’s coping responses are an important determinant of functioning and adjustment to this disease. Previous qualitative research exists in this area, but the current review sought to systematically review and summarise these studies.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies concerned with men’s coping strategies in their attempts to live with PCa. A search of relevant electronic databases was conducted to identify studies that met inclusion criteria for this review. Methodological quality assessment was also undertaken for each included study.ResultsOne hundred twenty-one publications were identified for initial screening, and 18 studies were included in the review. A total of five coping strategy categories or ‘meta-themes’ were identified across included studies. These categories were labelled ‘avoidance, minimisation, and withdrawal’, ‘directing cognition and attention’, ‘reframing masculinity and seeking support’, ‘retain pre-illness identity and lifestyle’, and ‘symptom/side-effect management’.ConclusionsA range of coping strategies were reported by men with PCa. Some of these strategies appear to be partially influenced by gender roles and masculinities. Coping meta-themes reported in this review have also been found in other research on men’s coping. Strategies relating to flexible interpretation of gender roles/masculinities may be a particularly relevant category of coping responses due to the hypothesised beneficial impact of flexibility on psychological well-being.Implications for cancer survivorsPCa survivors utilise a range of coping strategies, and the types of strategies used may have implications for men’s well-being. The ability to be flexible in both coping responses used, and in the view of oneself as a man may be particularly important skills in meeting the challenges associated with this disease.

Key focal points of existing research on men's depression have included the role of masculinity and the nature of gender-specific coping styles. Existing quantitative studies may be limited in their ability to detect the full range of coping strategies deployed by men in response to this problem. The analysis of findings from qualitative studies may represent a useful way in which to obtain a more comprehensive representation of men's responses. To address this, a systematic review of qualitative studies examining the nature of men's coping and depression was undertaken. Electronic database and hand searching for published studies between 2000 and 2014 produced a total of 14 studies for synthesis from an initial pool of 1,446. A total of 323 participants with an age range of 19 -75 years comprised the final sample, with studies taken from Canada, the US, U.K., Sweden and Finland. Reported coping strategies were grouped under 5 metathematic categories with "promote traditional masculinity," "promote flexible masculinity," and "social concealment and minimization" representing the most substantive coping domains. Findings suggest that an expanded view of men's coping strategies is appropriate within the context of depression. Review limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.

SP/SR is a useful tool in the development of trainee CBT therapist competences. There has been limited previous recognition of potential negative outcomes from this type of exercise. However, these can provide additional impetus for therapist skill development.