This article discusses an investigation by the city of Ballinger, Texas, to achieve a 60 percent reduction of trihalomethanes (THMs). The city and its contractor analyzed three technologies ‐ bubbler aerators, surface aerators, and spray aerators ‐ to be used in a single 250,000‐gal elevated storage tank. Because the tank was small and had rapid turnover, an aeration system would need to quickly and efficiently remove a large amount of brominated THM species. The analysis considered equipment and installation costs, as well as energy consumption and maintenance life‐cycle costs.
This article discusses active mixing of distribution storage reservoirs as a sustainable best practice to optimize disinfectant chemical use and minimize energy resources to manage distribution, storage tank, and reservoir water quality. In‐tank active‐mixing processes can significantly reduce a tank's chlorine demand, reducing or eliminating on‐site chemical usage.
This article discusses a study in Redwood City, California, to determine whether submersible active mixers are capable of lowering nitrification risks for chloraminated systems. In summer 2006, the city installed a submersible active mixer in its most problematic tank and the situation greatly improved immediately. In the days following installation, temperatures remained uniform, chlorine levels improved and stabilized, and nitrite readings at the top of the tank dropped to nominal levels. Other examples of a submersible active mixer solving nitrification problems are presented, along with an insert in the article explaining how nitrification occurs in water distribution systems.
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