Abstract.A plethora of subjective evidence exists to support the use of agile development methods on non-life-critical software projects. Until recently, Extreme Programming and Agile Methods have been sparsely applied to Mission Critical software products. This paper gives some objective evidence, through our experiences, that agile methods can be applied to life critical systems. This paper describes a Large System Mission Critical software project developed using an agile methodology. The paper discusses our development process through some of the key components of Extreme Programming (XP).
Contemporary theories of universals have two things in common: first, they are unable to account for necessary connections between universals that form a structure. Second, they leave teleology out of their accounts of instantiation. These facts are not unrelated; the reason why contemporary theories have such trouble is they neglect the ancient idea that universals are ends at which nature aims. If we want a working theory of universals, however, we must return to this idea. Despite its unpopularity among realists, teleology is not a disposable eccentricity, and its dismissal is not an improvement on ancient views.
Every contemporary answer to van Inwagen's Special Composition Question faces counterexamples. I defend a teleological answer that avoids these counterexamples. The Teleological Answer claims that a collection of materials composes something exactly when those materials are arranged in order to perform some proper function. After demonstrating this account's immunity to its competitors' counterexamples, I respond to objections.
Kids' Choir, a community children's choir in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, formed in 2014 as part of the Kids' Orchestra organization. The organization, founded in 2011, is El Sistemainspired-a model developed in 1975 by Venezuelan orchestra conductor, José Abreu. The model's mission is "to effect social change through music for children with the fewest resources and the greatest need" (Mission Statement, 2017). El Sistema's focus on social change through musical excellence may hold great promise in the United States where neighborhoods are becoming increasingly diverse. Moreover, the El Sistema philosophy responds directly to issues of segregation still present in the Baton Rouge community, but more research is needed to determine the impact of programs like these on children's development and the communities they serve. In addition, researchers have not fully investigated the musical lives of children-lives that arguably encompass a multitude of possible musical interactions.The purpose of this intrinsic case study was to examine Kids' Orchestra's philosophy of social development through musical experiences and document the teaching and learning paradigms associated with this philosophy. I explored the impact of Kids' Choir participation on the choristers from the perspective of teachers, staff, parents, and the children themselves. In addition, I investigated more deeply the relationship between three choristers' Kids' Choir experience and their musical lives outside of the organization. I provided an historical account of the evolution of the Kids' Orchestra mission and vision statements since the organization's inception and detailed how the El Sistema philosophy manifests in the organization and the Kids' Choir ensemble. I presented the Kids' Choir ! v experience as a counter-narrative to current El Sistema/El Sistema-inspired organization critiques. Findings revealed perceived benefits of increased development in choristers' resilience through holistic education highlighted by increased confidence, maturity development, and social development. Further, findings illuminated evidence of a cycle of giving involving students, parents, teachers, and community members through access, encouraging acceptance and compassion, and community education and enrichment. Finally, I discussed transforming individuals as a means of transforming communities.! vi found that the choir "added a unique nuance to producing one's own culture for both schools, and . . . [generated] social change in the participating community" (Discussion, para. 16).Meanwhile, 5,765 miles away in Bordentown, New Jersey, a choir made up of prison inmates rehearses for approximately 75 minutes a week. The choir's founders are two music education majors who began with a mission "to move beyond barriers to create communities of hope that restore, enlighten, and transform lives through music" (Abrahams, Rowland, & Kohler, 2012, p. 67). Rehearsals center on an essential question connected to a particular theme of social justice and align with a four-step reh...
Haecceitism is the thesis that, necessarily, in addition to its qualities, each thing has a haecceity or individual essence-an irreducible property the having of which is both necessary and sufficient for being identical to a specific individual. As an example, consider Socrates. Socrates has certain qualities: he is pale, snub-nosed and wise. Haecceitists hold that, in addition to qualities like these, there is a feature-call it 'socraticity'-which Socrates necessarily has and which nothing else could ever possibly have. Necessarily, anything that has socraticity is numerically identical to Socrates, and necessarily, anything that is numerically identical to Socrates has socraticity. Socrates cannot exist without socraticity nor can he share it with anything else. Haecceitists believe that every individual has a property that is as essential and particular to it as socraticity is to Socrates. 1 2. The Haecceitic Euthyphro problem Consider a case of fission: a single amoeba, Maude, splits into two distinct amoebae: Rod and Todd. Put aside traditional questions about which of the two new amoebae, if either, is identical to the original-for our purposes, it
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