In April 2008, the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 (CMCHAct) came into force in the UK. Since then, the Act has failed to live up to expectations, resulting in only 26 convictions in the first decade of its existence, despite thousands of work‐related fatalities during this time. This article critically analyses these CMCHAct prosecutions in order to chronicle the problems of the law in action and to demonstrate how the Act serves to downplay the seriousness of corporate killing. In so doing, we approach law as an ‘active discourse’ that is mutually constitutive of the broader social formation, so that it both creates, but is also a product of, the capitalist social order. Thus we explore the extent to which the CMCHAct ultimately privileges dominant beliefs that corporate killing is not ‘true’ crime and that corporate capitalism is an inherent good that must be defended, not disrupted.
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Pleiades, a seven-user, real-time-sharing executive was developed on a PDP-15 computer for control of psychological experiments. The goal of the system development was to provide millisecond timing accuracy for all users and to permit easy computer utilization for the novice user. Two modes of operation are available: the standard language approach and the experiment writer approach. The system is discussed from the user's viewpoint, and a brief description of the details of system design is given. The system has been operating successfully for several months.The availability of computers in the behavioral science laboratory has increased considerably in the past few years. The technological achievements in computer hardware have been remarkable. Unfortunately, the software development required to permit easy implementation of computer control in the laboratory environment has not kept pace with the hardware development. Consequently, psychologists who do not wish to become computer programmers may resist using a computer even when it is available. A desirable goal would be to provide sophisticated computer capability to the novice programmer or nonprogrammer without requiring that he undergo a long training period. The problem is to provide an interface between the language of the psychologist and that of the computer. There are several possible approaches: (1) Use a standard computer language such as FORTRAN. Standard subroutines must be supplied to perform special-purpose functions or control special devices (see Lewis, Boies, & Osgood, 1971). (2) Provide a special language that is easily learned by the E. Examples of these are PSYCHOL (Mclean, 1969) (4) SCAT (Grason-Stadler, 1968), which is currently being extended at the University of Colorado (polson, 1971). (3) Provide the computer with a subset of the E's language, so that the E can communicate more or less directly with the machine. This approach requires that the computer interpret the E's language rather than that the E learn to use the computer's language. It is similar to the second approach, except that it attempts to include experimental design language as well as English.The particular computer configuration (both hardware and software) that is desirable depends on the particular usage anticipated. Some of the important considerations include: (a) cost of hardware and software development, (b) time (delay) required to fully implement the system, (c) range of experiments that the researcher wishes to control with the computer, and (d) range of the user's computer skills.If the number of users is small and the experimental paradigm is relatively constant, one or more small dedicated application computers may be desirable. This is particularly true now, with the low cost of central processors and memory. If the number of users is large and the variety of experimental procedues is great, an in-house general-purpose time-sharing system may be desirable. The purpose of the present paper is to describe one implementation of the latter approach. The gene...
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