Vector Auto Regression (VAR) is an analysis or statistic method which can be used to predict time series variable and to analyst dynamic impact of disturbance factor in the variable system. In addition, VAR analysis is very useful to assess the interrelationship between economic variables. This research through the following test phases: unit root test, test of hypothesis, Granger causality test, and form a vector autoregresion model (VAR). The data used in this research is the GDP data and budget data of South Sulawesi in the period 1985-2004. The research aims to analyze the interrelationship between public expenditure and economic growth in South Sulawesi. The result showed statistically significant in economic growth (PDRB) influence public expenditure (APBD), however, not vice versa. Otherwise, for the need of APBD prediction, the used of lag 4 was the optimum model based on the causal relationship to PDRB.
This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of BSF extract in vitro on the growth of Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa. The experiment was carried out according to the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of six treatments and three replications for each treatment. The treatments were different concentration levels of BSF extract, i.e. 75, 125, 175, 225, 275 and 325 mg.ml−1. Chloramphenicol with concentration of 30 µg. discs paper−1 was used as a positive control and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control. BSF extract was made using maceration extraction method. The results of this study indicated that the antibacterial activity of BSF extract increased (P<0.05) in line with the increase level of BSF extract concentration. The average diameter of the inhibition zone for Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa was 11.77 ± 0.03 mm, 11.15 ± 0.05 mm, and 11.15 ± 0.23 mm respectively, which was categorized as strong inhibition zone. In conclusion, the concentration of BSF extract of 325 mg.ml−1 is an effective concentration to inhibit the growth of the bacteria Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli and Pseudomonas aureginosa.
T here is a continuous increase in the growth of the animal husbandry industry in Indonesia, especially the poultry sector, due to the increasing demand for related products and population growth. The local village chicken plays an essential role in the lives of Indonesian and is associated with cultural development, especially in rural areas, where it is a major source of meat and eggs to fulfill the nutritional demands of the people. However, the development of local poultry in the country, especially village chicken, is still very slow compared to commercial chicken breeds. This condition is due to the relatively low genetic potential, inadequate management, and the use of traditional feeds with low quality (Nataamijaya, 2017). According to Budiansyah ( 2010), approximately 70-80% full-scale fabrication value of livestock business depends on the feed. Therefore, the optimal quality and quantity of feed are needed to improve growth.One of the effects of Covid-19 is the disruption in the supply of mostly imported protein source feedstuffs, such as fish and soybean meal. These ingredients are required to formulate a ration containing balanced nutrition to meet the needs of poultry for optimal production. Consequently, the price of these feed ingredients is increasing. According
Amino acid composition can be used to determine protein quality, by comparing with reference amino acid values. This research was conducted with the aim to evaluate and study the composition of amino acids and protein quality of native chicken meat by giving Indigofera zollingeriana powder (IP) and turmeric phytobiotics (TP) as green feed. Treatment ration study: R0 = control ration (research ration without green feed; Treatment R1 = substitution of 10% protein of soybean meal with IP + 2.5% TP; Treatment R2 = substitution 15% of soybean meal protein with IP + 2.5% TP, treatment R3 = substitution of 20% protein of soybean meal with IP + 2.5% TP. The variables observed were amino acids composition and protein quality of native chicken meat. The raw material for rations was prepared according to the needs of native chicken with iso-protein and iso-energy. The study used 160 native chickens which were divided into 4 treatments and 5 replications using a completely randomized design (CRD). Chemical scores were 78.91%, 76.39%, 82.66% and 82.66% for the treatment of R0, R1, R2 and R3 respectively, and amino acid scores increased along with the increase in substitution of soybean meal with indigofera powder protein be respectively 98.29%; 97.78%; 102.59% and 107.85%. It concluded that substituting 20% soybean meal protein with indigofera powder protein and added 2.5% turmeric phytobiotic gives a better chemical score and amino acid score.
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