Plastic waste management has become a burden and a threat for countries and major cities as well as a danger to environmental safety. The current report covers the ability of the concrete sector to use and recycle plastic wastes. The demand for concrete and raw materials for construction engineering has become very high in recent years because of urban development and the expansion of cities. Therefore, the use of this waste in civil and structural engineering is considered a successful way to get rid of plastic wastes properly to protect the environment. This research investigates the effectiveness of using plastic drinking water bottles (currently the highest plastic waste on the Iraqi market) as a partial substitution of the gravel in concrete. Plastic waste was added in different weight ratios of 2.5%, 5% and 10% as a partial substitute for the gravel and a cement mixture. A benchmark of 0% plastic wastes was prepared as a reference concrete for comparison purposes. The results show the possibility of using plastic waste, such as construction material. The results show a decrease in concrete strength by 12%, 29%, and 47%, and a reduction in concrete density by 10%, 16% and 31%, respectively. Research results show that this is useful to add plastic wastes for obtaining lightweight concrete.
This paper examines the ability to introduce an industrial waste product, wood chips, in concrete as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. Water was used to treat the wood chips before mixing to prevent them from soaking up the cement hydration water. The research presented in this paper aims to determine the impact of different treatment methods. The first method uses cement paste, and the second is sodium silicate. Twelve trial mixtures were prepared and cast employing water-cement ratios of 0.44 at various replacement levels of wood chippings. Fresh concrete properties tested inclusive slump test. Hardened concrete properties tested inclusively flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, compressive strength, and unit weight. Test results show that the lightening of concrete by wood shavings decreases the strength properties and the unit weight. On the other hand, the value of the slump test increased depending on the level of replacement of wood shaving. The most acceptable mixture and less reduction in the strength properties have been shown at MC10. The results of the tests demonstrate that the disposal of wood chips in concrete is practical and appropriate.
Hollow slabs are slabs of reinforced concrete in which voids allow the concrete to be reduced in size. This type of slab results in reduced raw materials Consumption and increased insulating properties to achieve sustainability goals. This paper reported an experimental research program focused on the study of the bending behaviour of the elements of hollow slabs of normal-strength concrete. Three models of the one-way concrete slab were cast, It had dimensions of 1020 mm length, 420 mm width, and 100 mm thickness. The first model did not contain holes (solid) and the second model contained five circler opening holes with a 50 mm diameter, while the third model contained five square opening holes with 44 mm dimension, where the area of the second and third model were the same despite the difference in the shape of the opening. The results showed that the bearing capacity of the circular hollow core slab is higher by 12% compared to the square hollow core slab according to the type of voids and both of holes made the hollow core slab with a decrease in load capacity of 11% to 25% when compared to the solid slab. The solid slab has lower deflection value compared to the two hollow slabs whose weight is reduced by 23% compared to the solid slab.
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