In this study, three cultivars of potato and seven tetraploid breeding lines with different flesh colour were cultivated for three years at four locations in Poland. The objectives of this study were to quantify the levels of total (TC) and individual carotenoids (IC) and to determine the influence of genotype, farming system, growing location, years, and environment on the contents of these components. The aim of this study was also to identify genotypes with stable level of TC and IC. The mean total carotenoids content of tubers ranged between 5.57 and 20.20 mg kg −1 FW and was influenced by location, year, genotype, and their interactions. Mean values of lutein ranged from 2.92 to 6.66 mg kg −1 FWand zeaxanthin from 1.44 to 3.05 mg kg −1 FW. The most stable level of total carotenoids content was observed in tubers of breeding line TG-97-403. The most unstable level was found in tubers of cv. Jelly. The ranking of other genotypes depended on the used method. The presented study showed that the contents of carotenoids in potato tubers are significantly affected by environmental factors that cannot be controlled, because these are usually related to the year of cultivation. ResumenEn este estudio, se sembraron tres variedades de papa y siete líneas de mejoramiento tetraploides con diferente color de pulpa durante tres años en cuatro localidades en Polonia. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron cuantificar los niveles totales (TC) e individuales (IC) de carotenoides, y determinar la influencia del genotipo, sistema de cultivo, localidad, años, y el ambiente, en el contenido de estos componentes. La meta de este estudio también fue la de identificar genotipos con niveles estables de TC e IC. La media del contenido total de carotenoides de los tubérculos fluctuó entre 5.57 y 20.20 mg kg-1 de peso fresco y fue influenciada por la localidad, el año, el genotipo, y sus interacciones. Los valores medios de luteína variaron de 2.92 a 6.66 mg kg-1 en peso fresco, y la zeaxantina de 1.44 a 3.05 mg kg-1 de peso fresco. El nivel más estable del contenido de carotenoides totales se observó en tubérculos de la línea TG-97-403. El nivel mas inestable se encontró en tubérculos de la var. Jelly. Las cifras de otros genotipos dependieron del método usado. El presente estudio mostró que los contenidos de carotenoides en tubérculos de papa se afectan significativamente por factores ambientales que no pueden controlarse, porque generalmente están relacionados por el año de su cultivo.

The concentrations of the bioactive compounds in potato tubers are determined by both genetic potential and environmental factors. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the influence of organic and integrated production on the expression of the genetic potential with respect to the antioxidant properties of potato tubers and to evaluate its stability under different environmental conditions. This phenotyping was performed on seven new breeding lines (tetraploid clones) and three modern cultivars: Jelly, Satina and Tajfun. The results indicated that production system and location significantly influenced the antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP method. Organic farming and the location Chwałowice were characterized by higher values. Furthermore, anitioxidative capacity measured by FRAP method was correlated with chlorogenic acid content (r = 0.590**) and glutathione fractions, especially with the reduced form (GSH, r = 0.692**). Multidimensional comparative analysis (MCA) proved a better development of antioxidant properties of potato tubers in the organic cultivation system when compared with the integrated. Especially favorable were growing conditions at Boguchwała (organic) and worst at Młochów (integrated). From all investigated varieties, the best antioxidant properties were found in ‘Satina’ and ‘Jelly’. Clones TG-97-403 and 13-VIII-45 developed the weakest health promoting traits.

During 2011-2014 the effects of fertigation and storage on certain quality attributes of potato tubers (Courage variety) and their extracted starches were assessed. The effect of those factors on the FFQ was also evaluated. When processed, potato tubers are exposed to high temperatures (frying) and this can cause unfavorable physico-chemical changes in the starch quality. The highest content of AM and P tot in starch, as well as the starch lightest in color, were obtained from the tubers of potatoes irrigated and fertigated with a soil fertilizer. The use of a soil fertilizer increased the P tot content in starch and the share of starch grains in the desired fractions (20-40 mm). All experimental factors had an unfavorable effect on starch pasting temperature and a positive effect on the DM and starch contents in the tubers of the studied cultivar. A highly significant positive effect, i.e., a decreased water content after defrosting, was recorded after irrigation with fertigation. The most favorable FFQ was found immediately after the harvest of potatoes grown with the application of all the factors, while the process of storage decreased FFQ by 4.3%.