Safety of the railway transport is extremely important issue, thus it has to be supported by numerous of terms. It is not only the legislation and organization or traffic control but also the proper quality of every devices in the railway infrastructure. The paper deals with safety in the rail industry. Companies and producers of railway equipment have to guarantee the best quality, maintenance and reliability. Safety is also a device directly responsible for protecting e.g. level crossings but also safety in terms of design and construction. . Supervision of products is fulfilled in Poland by e.g. the Office of Railway Transport managing the safety and regulation of rail traffic. The paper presents industry security in terms of product as safety in design and production, in construction, in exploitation. Despite such extensive, multisector and multifaceted organizational, legal and technical safety structures in rail transport it is advisable to conduct further research into the analysis of the possibilities for improved safety. Also authors have assumed that for the improving of railway crossing safety level the support system for the traffic detection can be developed. To increase of the complex crossing safety level the support system has to be independent from current usage control devices, as axle counter block. Thus the paper presents concept of application of vibration wave propagation employing as source if information on train or car detection.
The paper presents the results of experimental and model research of powertrain system built with torsional vibration damper. The behaviour of powertrain system with and without vibration damper was shown in the conditions of acceleration and deceleration with different increases of rotational speed. Next, authors describe the process of building a mathematical model of such a system and its identification on the basis of experimental results. When examining the results obtained with empirical and model research, it has been shown that in the structural and parametric identification of model of such system, the main factor affecting the right development of the structure should be dynamic criterion, since the only use of static criteria leads to big errors. On the basis of such model we can make some structural solutions to the system to minimize torsional vibrations.
The rotation of a crankshaft in piston combustion engines results from the acting of tangential forces on the crank, whose value changes with the change of the angle of shaft rotation. This results in torsional vibrations. These vibrations become especially dangerous when the frequency of changes of any components of tangential force is near or equal to the natural frequency of the shaft. It leads to resonant amplification of vibration amplitude and to exceeding the limit values of the angle of shaft torsion. Most often in such cases, various types of torsional vibration dampers are used. In automotive industry, these are usually rubber vibration dampers. Typical torsional vibration damper is an example of a resonant damper, which is designed for the most dangerous resonant frequency of the crankshaft related to the first form of vibration for which the torsional vibrations usually have the greatest amplitude. The design of such a damper involves choosing the inertia moment of the flywheel and the parameters of viscouselastic element. The article describes the model and the simulation research, which allowed for creating the procedure of designing rubber dampers of torsional vibrations. This procedure can help to reduce the costs of operation tests for the design of optimal torsional vibration damper.
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