Purpose: Since the Polish special economic zone programme (SEZ) serves as a good ground for running location-based studies, due to its footloose approach towards the location of SEZs subzones, the paper aims at depicting the hierarchy of location factors investors in SEZs have, compared to non-SEZs entities. Approach/Methodology/Design: Basing on the data obtained from a survey on equally-sized and comparable two groups of firms: (i) in SEZs, and (ii) operating outside SEZs, the paper verifies the magnitude of influence of particular location factors on firms' decisions where to locate their establishments. Differences in the perception of factors are further tested with parametric and nonparametric statistical tests to reveal significant differences among them. Findings: Firms in SEZs put the availability of tax exemptions in SEZs as an essential location factor. Statistical tests have proved significant heterogeneity among SEZ and non-SEZ entities, generally signalling higher attention (in case of the former) put to the closeness to outlet markets, research centres, FDIs, leaders in the industry and availability of low-skilled workers. Practical Implications: The knowledge of the hierarchy of location factors in SEZs may enhance the quality of management in SEZs, reveal areas supervising agencies should take care in the expansion of SEZs, and finally increase the effectiveness of SEZs programmes. Originality/Value: The paper advances by indicating a series of success factors in the operation of special economic zones, the managing agencies should bear in mind when undertaking decisions on the location of particular zones.
Purpose:The main aim of this article is to examine the role of the Territorial Defence Forces as a formation supporting state institutions in efforts to combat pandemics and analyze the factors determining the effectiveness of their participation. Design/Methodology/Approach: The role of the Territorial Defence Forces in countering pandemic threats and effects was examined through legal and institutional analysis and systemic analysis. Findings: Analysis of the role of the Territorial Defence Forces in counteracting threats posed by the pandemic proved the need to use all resources available to the state to limit its negative consequences. Due to its potential, the Territorial Defence Forces should support the state in ensuring domestic order and strengthening institutions and services performing tasks to counteract and combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The conducted research indicates that the scope of use of the Territorial Defence Forces must be adapted to changing requirements and emerging threats. Practical Implications: The concept of counteracting pandemic threats and consequences through crisis management using the Armed Forces is the cooperation between various institutions as a critical organizational challenge. Cooperation is understood as multi-level action intended to achieve a set goal -ensuring security. Originality/Value: The paper's conceptual framework is prescribed by the application of the consilience concept used in the analysis of the action of public institutions by employing various approaches from security policy, security management, public management, praxeology, and human resources management.
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