Research background: Because of the rapid improvements in advanced technological tools and widely usage of the Internet among the world, most of SMEs in various countries have become able to apply their marketing activities through online marketing and social media platforms that are less costly for them. Since SMEs encounter many financing constraints, these marketing options might be very beneficial for them to use for their marketing activities. However, socio-economic and cultural factors differ in each corner of the globe. Purpose of the article: This paper aims to investigate international differences between usage of online marketing and social media platforms by SMEs. Methods: The authors of this paper have selected 1156 Czech, Slovakian and Hungarian SMEs from Cribis database by employing random sampling method. An online questionnaire was directed by the researchers to have responses from managers and owners of SMEs. To find differences in selected variables, the researchers perform ANOVA analyses with Post-Hoc tests in SPSS statistical program. Findings & Value added: Regarding the size of businesses, Hungarian SMEs in both size categories: micro and small-medium sized, apply social media platforms in their operations more than Czech and Slovakian SMEs. When it comes to marketing activities, some similarities are in existence depending on size and age of SMEs. In detail, propensities of Slovakian and Hungarian older SMEs (that have been operating more than 10 years) and microenterprises to apply online marketing channels are higher than Czech older SMEs and Czech microenterprises. Corresponding to social media usage, Czech and Slovakian SMEs and older enterprises do not differ. But Hungarian SMEs and older Hungarian firms are more prone to apply social media channels than Czech and Slovakian SMEs and older Czech and Slovakian enterprises. This paper is a unique study that makes comparison between some Central European countries’ SMEs that are in the Visegrad Group regarding their usage of their online marketing and social media tools. Thus, this paper also fulfills some gap in the marketing literature.
AL-GAHAIFI, T. H., SVĚTLÍK, J.: Factors infl uencing consumer behaviour in market vegetables in Yemen. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2011, LIX, No. 7, pp. 17-28 The purpose of the research is to understand factors infl uencing consumer behaviour when buying vegetables in Republic of Yemen. Data collection was done by structured questionnaire administered through schools, universities, government offi ces, and markets from 13 provinces in 5 governorates. Random convenience sampling technique was used. Total sample comprised of 463 completed questionnaires which were used for analysis. The respondents were classifi ed into fi ve categories on the base of their monthly income, age, education, gender, and type of settlement. Authors present the factors that can infl uence signifi cantly this behaviour, e.g. price, quality, the location of seller, habit, personal relationship between consumer and seller, occasions, discount, sorting, word-mouth, time of purchase, the way of products display, and recommendation of friends and families. From the obtained results, it is obvious that there was high infl uence on the behaviour of Yemeni consumer when buying vegetables for factors price, occasions, discontent, and time of purchase, while factors habit, display, sorting, and the location of seller suggests medium infl uence, and the infl uence was low for word-mouth.consumer behaviour, marketing research, factors analyses, ANOVA Understanding consumer purchasing behavior allows a company to more easily provides for consumers' needs and more easily promote the company's products and services. Understanding consumer behavior leads to marketing success (Bennett, 2010). The fi eld of consumer behaviour covers a lot of ground: it is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Kotler, 2001; Solomon et al., 2006). The consumer behaviour is based on decision-making of individuals when spending their own resources (i.e. time, money and eff orts) in order to obtain items associated with consumption. This form of behaviour involves reasons why, when, where, how o en and what people buy, how o en they use the purchased items, how they evaluate them a er the purchase and in which way these factors infl uence their future purchases (Stávková et al., 2007). MATERIAL AND METHODSThe research objective was to test the following hypotheses:Hypothesis 1: Yemeni consumer behavior is infl uenced by factors like price quality, location of seller, habit, relationship between consumer and seller, occasions, discount, sorting, word of mouth, time of purchase, and recommendation of friend and family.Hypothesis 2: The infl uence of mentioned factors will be at diff erent levels (high, medium, and low).
This empirical study aims to present a real case study in the form of drafting an effective communication strategy to implement the new digital waste management application, SOWA, for B2B customers. In the Czech Republic (and elsewhere) businesses still do not accept that if they do not start working systematically with their waste, they will not have anything to produce in the future. They will not have space for their production and priority business areas. Moreover, in the rules of the new green policy, this area would become more expensive soon. However, the management of companies does not often realize the importance of innovations in this area of social, economic, and environmental reality. To effectively appeal to businesses often fighting to survive only by their social responsibility may not be a sufficiently strong argument in the current climate. At the same time, companies engaging in waste management solve the problem of how to improve their competitiveness, strengthening their position in this very competitive market. These companies thus face a major decision to introduce new digital technologies and their applications and to persuade the customers in the B2B market that these innovations represent maximum time savings and automated service for their businesses. Therefore, these companies ask themselves which marketing communication tools to use and which target groups will effectively convince them that the digitization project would benefit them. In terms of communication, the B2B market has several specifics alongside it compared to a larger, more widespread B2C market in marketing communication theory. These differences are essential in terms of the effectiveness of addressing recipients. The new communication strategy’s draft rests on the authors’ research, which mostly concerns the different target groups of B2B customers. The literature review characterizes the state of current knowledge of the issue of modern waste management and the necessary theoretical base in the specific field of B2B communication. This paper provides the necessary data and information which form the starting point of the communication strategy for one of the fundamental innovations in the field of waste management regarding the introduction and rollout of the new multifunctional application in the Czech Republic. Further rollout of this innovation to other central European countries is considered and subject to serious reflection.
The main aim of the article is to understand the trend in production and consumption vegetables in Republic of Yemen within the period 1995–2009, and understand distribution of vegetables production in the country by governorate. The authors analyze and interpret the data of the Ministry of agriculture and irrigation in the Republic of Yemen about the production and Available for consumption of vegetables in the form of secondary analysis during the mentioned period. Based on the result obtained, it was concluded that production of vegetables concentrated in six governorates (Hodeidah, Sana’a, Dhamar, Ibb, Taiz and Marib), represented 73.09 percent of the total vegetables production. On the other hand there was a statistical significance positive trend in the vegetable production which increased by 26.697 thousand tons per year with Compounded Annual Growth Rate amounted to 3.55 percent, and consumption of vegetables increased by 29.785 thousand tons per year with CAGR amounted 2.54 percent., but the increase in the production caused by the increase in the cultivated area which increased by 2.264 thousand ha per year, while productivity trend was negative which Decreased by 0.015 ton / ha per annum.
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