Electromagnetic activity around yeast mitotic cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was measured in the frequency range 8-9 MHz and special care was taken to extract reliable information from the raw signals. The characteristic of cold-sensitive tubulin mutants tub2-401 and tub2-406, which come to arrest before mitosis at a restrictive temperature (14°C) and which re-enter mitosis upon a shift back to a permissive temperature (28°C), was used to prepare synchronized mitotic cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy using an antitubulin antibody was used to analyze microtubular structures. The arrested tub2-401 mutant that had back-shifted to permissive temperature displayed no microtubules and no electromagnetic activity around the cells. In contrast, the arrested cells of the mutant tub2-406 displayed developed, but aberrant, nonfunctional microtubules and a high electromagnetic activity around the cells. The electromagnetic activity around the arrested mutant tub2-401 backshifted to permissive temperature peaks at four time points which may coincide with (i) formation of the mitotic spindle, (ii) binding of chromatids to kinetochore microtubules, (iii) elongation of the spindle in anaphase A, and (iv) elongation of the spindle in anaphase B. The profile of the electromagnetic * Corresponding Electromagn Biol Med Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDL-UC San Diego on 06/03/15For personal use only.
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372POKORNÝ ET AL.activity around the synchronized mutant tub2-406 at permissive temperature seems to be delayed by the time required for aberrant nonfunctional microtubules to be depolymerized. Experimental results presented in this paper support Pohl's idea of existence of the electromagnetic field around yeast cells.
Cytoskeleton with microtubules is the main organization structure of the eukaryotic cell. Possible sources of vibrational excitations of electrically polar cytoskeleton components are enumerated. Temperature stabilized, triple screened box (electrically and electromagnetically by mumetal) with point sensor and preamplifiers was used for measurement of electrical oscillations of yeast cell. Preliminary findings of the electrical measurement and local nanomechanical AFM measurements are presented. Findings correspond to the Frölich's postulate of coherent electrically polar longitudinal vibrations in biological systems.
The direct detection of oscillations in biological cells may deliver strong evidence for Fröhlich's theory of coherent excitation in biological systems. Some results of measurement at millimeter waves published in the literature are mentioned. A laboratory equipment for the measurement of mm waves excitations in yeast cells is described. The measurement system is controlled by computer and measured data are stored in the computer memory for evaluation and for statistical processing. Some results of the evaluation are given.
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