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Taguchi technique of ureteral implantation was used in 22 kidney transplant patients (group T). Group T was compared with 25 patients who were treated using Lich-Gregoir technique (group LG). Immunosuppression, incidence of biopsy evidenced acute cellular rejection (ACR), haematuria rate and ureteral complications (stricture, reflux) were assessed in both groups. The immunosuppression used was based on cyclosporin A (63.6%), tacrolimus (27.3%) and sirolimus (8.1%) in T group. Cyclosporin A (72%), tacrolimus (20%) and sirolimus (8%) were used in LG group. No induction was used. The incidence of ACR was similar in both groups -T resp. LG was 50% resp. 52%. Haematuria after operation was on average 4.0 days in the T group and on average 3.1 in the LG group. Ureteral complications were observed in 18.2% of cases in T group and in 16% of cases in LG group. No reflux was evidenced in any group. Taguchi technique is fast and very easy to do. A slightly higher incidence of ureteral complications and a longer period of postoperative haematuria were observed in T group. Taguchi technique is very easily performed with a shorter operating time. We advocate it as a method of ureteral implantation on the thin-wall urinary bladder. The results were very good in these cases.

BackgroundAgainst a background of rapid increase of β-lactamase-producing or multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria and the resulting lack of effective antibiotic treatment, some older antibiotics have been tested for new therapeutic uses. One of these is fosfomycin, to which according to studies these resistant bacteria are very sensitive. Our study was designed because there is no data on the fosfomycin susceptibility rate in the Czech Republic.MethodIn this study from January 2013 to June 2014 3295 unique isolates of Gram-negative bacteria which had caused urinary tract infections were examined. The antibiotic susceptibility was measured by disk diffusion test. Both EUCAST and CLSI guidelines criteria (for fosfomycin only) were used for the antibiotic susceptibility evaluation.ResultsThe most frequently tested bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (51.3%, n = 1703), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.4%, n = 643) and Proteus spp. (11.8%, n = 392). Among all isolates 29.0% (n = 963) were resistant to fluoroquinolones, 11.3% (n = 374) produced extended spectrum β-lactamase and 4.2% (n = 141) produced AmpC β-lactamase. The overall in vitro susceptibility was significantly higher for fosfomycin compared to the other tested per-oral antibiotics (nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime) against all tested Gram-negative rod isolates (excluding Morganella morgani and Acinetobacter spp. isolates). Fosfomycin also remained highly active against those isolates with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production (95.8% in Escherichia coli isolates and 85.3% in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates), unlike other tested per-oral antibiotics, which showed significant (p < 0.0001) susceptibility decrease.ConclusionWe have confirmed in the Czech Republic the very high susceptibility to fosfomycin trometamol of urinary tract infection pathogens, particularly Gram-negative rods including those producing β-lactamase.

E 5 9What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Surgical treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumour thrombus extending into the right atrium remains, despite its complexity and specifi c technical aspects, the only radical therapeutic option.This single-centre study, unique in size for this rare condition, reports early and late results over a period of 18 years. All patients were operated on using a standardised protocol with use of cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Overall and cancer-specifi c cumulative survival was better than in other reports. OBJECTIVE• To evaluate the long-term results of radical surgical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumour thrombus extension (TTE) level IV into the right atrium (RCC/TTE IV) in a large singleinstitution series. PATIENTS AND METHODS• Radical complex urological and cardio-surgical procedure was performed over a period of 18 years (1993 -2010) on 21 patients with RCC/TTE IV. A radical nephrectomy was performed followed by sternotomy, institution of cardiopulmonary bypass and extraction of the intracardiac tumour thrombus under direct visual control during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA).• Perioperative and postoperative variables, and long-term overall and cancer-specifi c survival using the Kaplan -Meier method were analysed. RESULTS• In all patients, precise removal of tumour thrombus was accomplished in a bloodless fi eld during DHCA.• The mean ( SD ) duration of circulatory arrest was 16 (6) min at a mean hypothermia of 20 (3) ° C. In-hospital mortality was 9.5% (two patients).• The median survival (including in-hospital mortality) was 25 months.• In Kaplan -Meier analysis, 2-and 5-year overall cumulative survival rate was 57 (95% confi dence interval, CI 36 -78)% and 37 (95% CI 15 -58)%, respectively.• Cancer-specifi c cumulative survival was 68 (95% CI 49 -89)% at 2 years and 51 (95% CI 28 -74)% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS• Late outcome after radical surgical treatment in patients with RCC and TTE reaching up to the right atrium justifi es this extensive procedure.• Cardiopulmonary bypass with DHCA allows safe and precise extirpation of all intracaval and intracardiac tumour mass.