Variations of the axillary artery may have clinical implications capable of generating unexpected situations during surgical procedures of arterial reconstruction or vascular catheterization. The objective of this work was to report the finding of an anatomical variant of the axillary artery, which may have clinical and surgical implications. A descriptive study was conducted, in which a unilateral vascular variation found during a routine dissection in a right upper limb of a male cadaver was reported. From the second portion of the axillary artery originated a common arterial trunk that gave rise to the subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex and deep brachial arteries. The third portion of the axillary artery did not emit branches. The common arterial trunk originated from the second portion, 62.64 mm from the beginning of the axillary artery. Its total length was 23.72 mm and its thickness was 6.1 mm. The caliber of the branches originating from the common arterial trunk was: subscapular artery 5.1 mm, anterior humeral circumflex of 1.66 mm, posterior humeral circumflex 3.18 mm and deep brachial 3.73 mm. The vascular variant detected altered the anatomical relationship of the axillary artery with the brachial plexus, generating a modification in the position of the fascicles and their terminal branches. Anatomical variations of the axillary artery are not infrequent, knowing them may be necessary during surgical procedures or anatomical dissections.
RESUMEN:El músculo esternal corresponde a una variante muscular supernumeraria de la musculatura torácica, cuya descripción más antigua se remonta al año 1604. A lo largo de la historia ha sido denominado músculo "epiesternal", "preesternal", "recto torácico" o "recto esternal". Se ubica entre la fascia superficial y el músculo pectoral mayor, tiene una prevalencia de entre 3 % y 8 % en la población general, se presenta de forma unilateral o bilateral exhibiendo una alta variabilidad interracial y puede ser motivo de dilemas diagnósticos durante cirugías y exámenes de imagen. Disección en un cadáver adulto de sexo masculino. Se encontraron dos músculos esternales conectados superiormente por un tendón central. El músculo esternal derecho se extendía desde el manubrio esternal hasta el séptimo cartílago costal derecho. El músculo esternal izquierdo se extendía desde el manubrio esternal hasta el sexto cartílago costal izquierdo. Su inervación estaba dada por ramos cutáneos anteriores de los nervios intercostales y su vascularización por ramas perforantes provenientes de los vasos torácicos internos. El músculo esternal presenta una alta variabilidad morfológica y su prevalencia se ve influenciada por factores raciales. Conocer esta variación muscular enriquece la capacidad diagnóstica y quirúrgica reduciendo la posibilidad de iatrogenia.
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