Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da interação genótipo ambiente (IGA) sobre os pesos ajustados aos 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade de bovinos Guzerá por meio de modelos hierárquicos Bayesianos de norma de reação. O banco de dados utilizado foi cedido pela Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ) e continha 15169 e 11183 registros para o P365 e P550, respectivamente. Ajustou-se um modelo animal (MA) e modelos hierárquicos de norma de reação com variâncias homogenias e heterogenias em um passo (MHNRHO1P e MHNRHE1P, respectivamente) e dois passos (MHNRHO2P e MHNRHE2P, respectivamente) para avaliar a existência e efeito da IGA. O MHNRHO1P foi o modelo de melhor ajuste. As estimativas de herdabilidade no MA foram de 0,37 e 0,29 para o P365 e P550, respectivamente. Foram obtidos valores de herdabilidade variando de 0,21 a 0,71 para o P365 e 0,06 a 0,93 para o P550 no MHNRHO1P ao longo do gradiente ambiental. As correlações de Spearman entre as classificações dos reprodutores para o P365 e P550 variaram de 0,26 a 0,99 e de -0,99 a 0,99, respectivamente, e as correlações genéticas variaram entre 0,70 a 1,00 e 0,40 a 1,00 para o P365 e P550, respectivamente. Existe IGA em bovinos da raça Guzerá no Nordeste do Brasil para o P365 e P550, sendo necessário considerar a possibilidade de inclusão deste efeito nas avaliações genéticas.
Dairy cattle production is distributed throughout the Brazilian regions. However, Brazilian producing regions are different in air temperature and humidity, diet, birth season, and other factors that may alter the reproductive performances of cows. The age of the cow at first calving (AFC) is a good indicator of sexual precocity since it shows the beginning of the female reproductive life and has a great influence on cow replacement costs. Researches on genotype-environment interaction (GEI) show the importance of using specific bulls for the different production systems in Brazil since most semen used in the country is imported. The objective of this work was to evaluate GEI for AFC in Holstein cows in Brazil, using reaction norms. The statistical models used were the standard animal model, which disregards the GEI, and hierarchical reaction norm models with homoscedastic (HRNMHO) and heteroscedastic (HRNMHE) residual variance, and one (HRNMHO1S and HRNMHE1S) and two (HRNMHO2S and HRNMHE2S) steps. HRNMHO1S presented better fit to the data, with lower heritability for environments with lower AFC, and higher heritability for environments with higher AFC. The GEI found was complex, with a reclassification of bulls, denoting the importance of considering GEI for evaluation and selection of bulls for different production levels. The reduction of AFC is possible when using breeding bulls adapted to the tropical and subtropical conditions of Brazil.
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