Biocides play an important role in healthcare-associated infection control by either minimizing or preventing microorganism dissemination. This study evaluated the susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to a quaternary ammonium (QAC) disinfectant and antibiotics, and verified the presence of qacEΔ1, a determinant of resistance to QAC. The disinfectant test was the Association of Official Analytical Chemists Use-Dilution Test, and polymerase chain reaction was used to examine for qacEΔ1. The qacEΔ1 gene was detected in 48% of the isolates. Eighty-eight percent of the multiresistant isolates carried qacEΔ1 gene, while 35% of the non-multiresistant isolates was positive to this gene, and multiresistance well correlated with its presence. Among isolates tested for the disinfectant, 46% showed a reduced susceptibility to the disinfectant. qacEΔ1 gene was present in 70% of the susceptible isolates to the biocide, whereas 90% of the less susceptible strains harbored this gene. Reduced susceptibility to the disinfectant was independent of presence of qacEΔ1 suggesting that it does not play an important role in biocide resistance in P. aeruginosa. As far as we know, it is the first report confirming this fact and testing with disinfectant at its in-use concentration. The evidence of less susceptible strains than the reference bacterium used in disinfectant testing, and the high percentage of qacEΔ1 gene detected are of special concern and suggests continued investigation in laboratory and in situ, not only in healthcare settings, but also in all areas of biocide usage, including different micro-organisms and biocides.

The purpose of this study was to examine the variation in accumulated basketball training experience, body size, functional performance, deliberate practice motivation, achievement and competitiveness motivation and sources of enjoyment among young female basketball players, partitioning the potential variation by individuals´biological characteristics (menarche status) and contextual characteristics (competitive age group and competitive level). We considered 114 adolescent female basketball players aged 14.3 (1.8) years. We used multilevel regression and poststratification estimations. The adolescent female basketball players selected for state-level had more accumulated experience, were taller and with better functional performance. Conditional on the data, youth female coaches tend to value (probably overvalue) size and function when selecting/promoting players, even at early age groups, likely contributing to an overrepresentation of early maturing girls in at early age groups. Players from club-and state-level were similarly highly motivated for deliberate practice and to achievement. Only for competitiveness, state-level players had higher values than club level players. The sources of enjoyment were influenced by context (competitive levels) for self-referenced competencies and others-referenced competencies. Structured programs of training and competition in youth female basketball provide a nurturing environment for the development of players´engagement and commitment to training and excellence attainment.

ResumoIdentificar a intenção do indivíduo em adotar um novo comportamento é uma importante estratégia para melhor compreensão do comportamento relacionado à atividade física. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre os estudos que investigaram estimativas e/ou fatores associados aos estágios de mudança de comportamento para atividade física (EMC), baseados no Modelo Transteorético, em adolescentes. A busca foi realizada em cinco bases de dados (Medline/Pubmed, Sports Discus, Lilacs, PsycInfo e Google Acadêmico), com termos correspondentes aos estágios de mudança de comportamento, atividade física e adolescente (15 a 19 anos de idade), incluindo artigos publicados de 2003 a 2013. Dos 22 estudos analisados, verificou-se que grande parte deles não utilizaram amostras randomizadas (64,0%) e representativas (59,0%) da população de estudo, e analisaram os EMC de forma agrupada (50,0%). Observou-se maior prevalência de adolescentes no estágio de manutenção, com valores variando de 26,9% a 54,9%, e o estágio com menor prevalência foi o de pré-contemplação (de 0% a 20%). Nas moças, a prevalência diminuiu conforme o avançar nos estágios e observou-se situação oposta entre os rapazes. Houve associação negativa entre EMC com estado nutricional e percepção de barreiras. Foi encontrada associação positiva entre EMC com prática de atividade física, auto-eficácia, suporte social, percepção de benefícios e balança decisional. Os resultados sugerem diferenças entre sexos para os EMC e associações positivas substanciais entre variáveis psicossociais, de prática de atividade física e EMC em adolescentes. PalavRas-chave

We evaluated the effects of grape juice (Vitis labrusca L.) on dyslipidemia, resistance to insulin, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in mice homozygous for the absence of the LDL receptor gene (LDLr-/-) under a hyperlipidemic diet. Methodology We divided 30 male mice (3 months old) into three groups (n = 10); the HL group was fed a high-fat diet, the HLU group received a high-fat diet and 2 g/kg/day of grape juice, and the HLS group was fed a high-fat diet and simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day). We assessed the blood pressure profile of the mice. We also determined the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipid profile, glycemic and insulinemic profiles, and calculated the HOMA-IR. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, interstitial collagen deposit, and the expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were assessed immunohistologically. Results After 60 days, the mice treated with grape juice showed similar results as those of the group treated with simvastatin. The use of grape fruit attenuated dyslipidemia and insulin resistance and significantly increased the levels of high cholesterol density lipoproteins (HDLc). The antioxidant potential of phenolic compounds associated with the increase in HDLc levels in the mice of the HLU group prevented the development of LVH and arterial hypertension since it inhibited the inflammatory response induced by the CD40 pathway and its ligand CD40L. Consequently, there was a lower expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and lower serum levels of CRP.

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Currently in several countries worldwide there is a huge mass of immigrants from every corner of the world. This work aims to understand what the immigrant seeks when he decides to live in in a specific country. We know that it is very difficult for an immigrant to decide to live in another country and not work, taking into consideration this fact, this study seeks to address the issues of immigrant career management in Portugal trying to understand what are the factors that lead to immigration, such as the behavior of the immigrant within the organizations to be integrated into the organization, what are the factors that make the immigrant motivated within the organizations. We can see in this work that the integration of immigrants is the relevant factor when it comes to job satisfaction.

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