Introduction: Chronic kidney disease associated with hemodialysis treatment can have a variety of musculoskeletal complications, in addition to repercussions in pulmonary function. Objective: To evaluate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity in patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis. Method: Non-controlled clinical trial, comprising 15 individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney failure and undergoing hemodialysis. Maximum inspiratory (PI max ) and expiratory (PE max ) pressures were assessed by use of pressure vacuum meter reading. Pulmonary function was assessed by use of spirometry. Functional capacity was assessed by use of walked distance and oxygen consumption obtained in the six-minute walk test (6MWT). For eight weeks, the inspiratory muscle training (IMT) protocol was applied during hemodialysis sessions, with load set to 40% of PI max and weekly frequency of three alternate days. Results: A significant increase in the walked distance was observed after training (455.5 ± 98 versus 557.8 ± 121.0; p = 0.003). No statistically significant difference was observed in the other variables when comparing their pre-and post-training values. Conclusion: The study showed no statistically significant difference in respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and oxygen consumption. An increase in the walked distance was observed in the 6MWT.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de técnicos de enfermagem que atuam na sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (SRPA) de um hospital filantrópico de grande porte de Porto Alegre sobre hipotermia no pós-operatório imediato (POI). Método: Estudo de campo, exploratório, descritivo e qualitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de abril a maio de 2017, por meio de entrevista gravada em áudio, utilizando um roteiro composto de 10 questões. Utilizou-se a análise temática para tratamento dos dados. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 19 técnicos de enfermagem. A análise dos dados possibilitou elencar quatro categorias: percepção sobre a definição de hipotermia; complicações da hipotermia para o paciente no POI; condutas de prevenção e reversão de hipotermia; vivências relacionadas a situações de hipotermia. Conclusão: Os entrevistados demonstraram conhecimento sobre os cuidados de enfermagem para prevenção e reversão da hipotermia em pacientes no POI que se encontram na SRPA. Palavras-chave: Hipotermia. Período pós-operatório. Técnicos de enfermagem. Sala de recuperação. ABSTRACT : Objective: To understand the perception of nursing technicians working in the post-anesthetic care unit (PACU) of a large philanthropic hospital in Porto Alegre regarding hypothermia in the immediate postoperative period (IPO). Method: an exploratory, descriptive, field study with a qualitative approach. The data collection was performed from April to May 2017, by means of a recorded interview, using a script composed of 10 questions. Thematic analysis was used to treat the data. Results: Nineteen nursing technicians participated in the study. The data analysis resulted in four categories: perception about the definition of hypothermia; complications of hypothermia for the patient in the IPO; actions to prevent and reverse hypothermia; experiences related to situations of hypothermia. Conclusion: The interviewees demonstrated knowledge about nursing care for the prevention and reversal of hypothermia in patients in the IPO in the PACU. Keywords: Hypothermia. Postoperative period. Licensed practical nurses. Recovery room.RESUMEN: Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de los técnicos de enfermería que trabajan en la unidad de recuperación postanestésica (URPA) de un gran hospital filantrópico en Porto Alegre sobre la hipotermia en el período postoperatorio inmediato (POI). Método: un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, de campo con un enfoque cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó de abril a mayo de 2017, mediante una entrevista grabada, utilizando un guión compuesto por 10 preguntas. El análisis temático se utilizó para tratar los datos. Resultados: Diecinueve técnicos de enfermería participaron en el estudio. El análisis de los datos dio como resultado cuatro categorías: percepción sobre la definición de hipotermia; Complicaciones de hipotermia para el paciente en el POI; Acciones para prevenir y revertir la hipotermia; Experiencias relacionadas con situaciones de hipotermia. Conclusión: los entrevistados demostraron conocimi...
This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of anti-hepatitis antibodies and associated factors in dialysis patients. Data were collected from records of all patients receiving dialysis treatment [n=1,261] in the city of Porto Alegre, in Southern Brazil, from August to December 2003. The statistical analyses used were Chi-square and the linear tendency test. Prevalence ratios were also calculated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed through Cox regression. The prevalence of antihepatitis antibodies was of 29.1%, and was higher among patients treated by hemodialysis where there was no segregation of seropositive and seronegative patients and where dialyzers were reused. This association remained even when controlling for confounding factors. Patients who received blood transfusions had a linear increase in the prevalence of anti-hepatitis antibodies. The duration of dialysis treatment showed a dose-response curve with the prevalence of anti-hepatitis antibodies.
RESUMOEste trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a proteção contra a descarbonetação de diferentes revestimentos de pintura de tijolos refratários MgO-C usados em panelas de aciaria. A oxidação de tijolos refratários MgO-C leva à perda de espessura dos tijolos e, conseqüentemente, à diminuição da vida útil dos mesmos. Neste trabalho, foram testados três tipos de revestimentos (A, B e C), preparados em laboratório, os quais foram aplicadas sobre tijolos MgO-C. Estes revestimentos foram testados em relação à proteção contra a descarbonetação nas temperaturas de 850, 950 e 1050ºC. A partir dos resultados obtidos, verificou-se que a aplicação de revestimentos para pintura sobre refratários MgO-C apenas minimiza a descarbonetação, já que estes revestimentos vitrificam em temperaturas superiores ao início da oxidação. Além disso, notou-se que a espessura da camada descarbonetada é diretamente proporcional à temperatura de queima. Entre os revestimentos avaliados, o que apresentou melhores resultados foi o C, devido as suas características de escorrimento e viscosidade, além de vitrificar em temperatura inferior a dos revestimentos A e B.Palavras-chaves: descarbonetação, refratários MgO-C, revestimentos. Evaluation of coatings for protection against decarburization of refractory bricks MgO-C during heating in steelmaking ladles ABSTRACTThis work aims to evaluate the utilization of different coatings to prevent the decarburization of refractory bricks MgO-C used in ladles. This oxidation causes the loss of thickness of the bricks and the reduction of its useful live. The three types of coatings A, B e C were prepared in laboratory and then were applied on MgO-C bricks. The samples were tested at temperatures of 850ºC, 950ºC and 1050ºC. It was verified that the three tested coatings only minimize the decarburization, since they vitrify and become effective at temperatures higher to the beginning of the oxidation temperature. Moreover, it was noticed that the thickness of the decarburized layer is directly proportional to the firing temperature. The coating that presented better results was C, which showed better characteristics of flowing and viscosity. Besides that, it vitrified at lower temperature comparing to coatings A and the B.Keywords: decarburization, MgO-C bricks, coatings. INTRODUÇÃOUma das maiores causas do desgaste nos tijolos refratários de uma panela de aciaria é a descarbonetação que ocorre durante o pré-aquecimento e o reaquecimento das panelas, fazendo com que a posterior presença de aço ou escória degrade o tijolo refratário. Após a montagem da panela (fundo, parede, linha e sobre linha de escória), é necessário o pré-aquecimento dessa para receber o aço em temperaturas elevadas, evitando, assim, um possível choque térmico dos tijolos refratários, bem como o resfriamento do aço. Durante o pré-aquecimento e, também, nos reaquecimentos, a atmosfera no interior da panela causa a descarbonetação do tijolo refratário. Isto ocorre porque a relação ar/gás combustível, utilizado para aquecer a panela, torna a atm...
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