The wastewater has been an environmental problem, but your used as fertilizers could reduce or eliminate the application of commercial fertilizers in soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) are a good parameter to analyze the impacts of this fertigationon soil. We aimed to evaluate the distribution and diversity of AMF and NFB before and after applications of wastewater or manure from green line of a cattle slaughterhouse in the irrigation of B. brizantha cv Marandu in Cerrado soil and leaf biomass productivity. The experimental design was performed in completely randomized blocks with ten biofertigation managements. The seeds of the forage were distributed in grooves with spacing of 5 cm. This seeds were covered with a soil layer. NFB and AMF diversity was performed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The leaf biomass productivity in the biofertigation managements was higher than in the managements without the use wastewater/manure. After biofertigation managements, changes in the DGGE profile of the NFB and AMF communities were observed. These changes may be due to the difference in the sample collection period and in the soil humidification. Thus, these DGGE profiles was a good parameter to diagnose the efficacy of wastewater/manure as an alternative biotechnological irrigation.
Cattle slaughterhouses are potential causes the environmental impacts, as it require a large volume of water in meat processing, generate large effluents amount, and promote the Cerrado deforestation for animal husbandry. Therefore, we aim was carried out to assess the effects of the soil application of a green line wastewater from a cattle slaughterhouse in the Brachiaria brizantha growth. The M1 and M2 managements did not contain wastewater of slaughterhouse. The wastewater from the 3 rd stabilization pond (M3 to M5), from reception box (M6 to M8), and manure (M9 and M10) were used in the biofertigation managements. The physical-chemical indicators levels did not show significant differences (p < 0.05) before soil preparation and after managements. However, biofertigation in the Cerrado soil can provide a mitigation of the leaching of fine soil particles and cations. In addition, maximum nitrogen dose of wastewater provided a higher leaf biomass productivity than commercial nitrogen. Thus, the fertigation with wastewater can reduce the use of water bodies to crops irrigation and the incorporation of new areas with native vegetation to the agricultural production systems.
Apesar do método de irrigação por superfície ser o mais antigo e mais usado no mundo, em virtude de suas vantagens em comparação ao método pressurizado, este tem apresentado baixos índices de desempenho devido ao seu manejo inadequado como conseqüência de dificuldades no monitoramento das variações espacial e temporal nos parâmetros de campo. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de estimar a variabilidade espacial e temporal da seção transversal de escoamento superficial em sulcos de irrigação, medindo-se seu perfil após cada evento de irrigação, ao longo da estação de cultivo (total de 12 eventos) em seis sulcos eqüidistantes, de forma a considerar as variações nesse parâmetro, no sentido transversal da área irrigada. As variações máximas observadas, ao longo da estação de cultivo, na largura de topo, na largura a 50% da altura máxima, na largura da base e na altura máxima foram, respectivamente, em termos espaciais iguais a 16,3, 18,7, 105,2 e 35,1%; e iguais a 11,4, 13,5, 38,0 e 23,7%, em termos temporais.
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