Background: Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It is required universally to manage various medical, surgical and obstetric conditions. Establishing the profiles of blood recipients would help in predicting the long term needs of blood transfusion as changing patterns of populations, diseases and health care will result in changing demands for blood and blood components. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of blood use in terms of demographic and clinical profiles of the recipients. Methods: A hospital based medical chart review of 384 patients who were transfused from June 2013 to November 2013 was carried out. Systematic random sampling method was used; data were collected using a structured data collection form and was analyzed using frequency tables. Results: The median age of the recipients was 31.5 years (IQR 13, 45.8) and the range was 0 to 89 years. Females comprised 55.2% of the recipients, of which 57.7% were in the reproductive age group (15-49 years). The majority of the recipients (60%) were from surgical and medical wards. The main indication of the transfusion was anaemia (62.8%) and most of the transfused patients were being treated for neoplasms (23.2%), pregnancy and childbirth related conditions (11.7%), injuries (11.5%) and infections (11.4%). Conclusion: Majority of the transfused patients were relatively young and were females. Anemia was the main indication of the transfusion and most of the transfused recipients presented with neoplasms, pregnancy and childbirth related conditions, infections and injuries.

Background information: The laboratory request form is a communication link between the clinicians and the laboratory staff. It contains demographic details of the patient including full names, age and gender; the test required; location of the patient; date and time of request among other details. Incomplete and inaccurate filling of the request forms may cause errors which can impact on the quality of the patient care. Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross sectional where 289 laboratory request forms submitted consecutively to the haematology laboratory during the month of January 2018 were evaluated. Data was collected using a data collection form and analyzed by use of frequency table. Ethical clearance was sought from Institutional Research and Ethical Committee of Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital. Results: Of all the 289 forms evaluated, only 1% (3/289) had all the required information. The parameters with the most information were patient's name (100%), hospital number (100%), sex (99.7%), age (98.3%), investigation requested (97.6%), the location of the patient (96.9%), clinician's name (96.9%) and signature (96.5%). The least information was recorded for clinical history (14.7%) and address of the patient (4.8%). Conclusion: The study showed that there were inadequacies in the recording of the required information in the laboratory request form. The parameters which were completely filled were the patient's name and the hospital number, whereas the address and the clinical history had the least completion rates.

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Introduction: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsies are carried out principally to permit cytological assessment of marrow. The procedure is also indicated for immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular and other specialized investigations. The skill to perform bone marrow aspirate and biopsy is usually acquired by the medical personnel through apprenticeship during their training. The training includes performing the procedure, indications, contraindications, and associated hazards. Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) being a specialized Hospital in Western Kenya has several staff trained on performing the procedure. Objective: To assess the performance of bone marrow procedure by clinicians at a teaching and referral hospital. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done involving 40 clinicians working in the hematology clinic and medical wards from June to December 2019. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and data analysis was done using frequency tables. Approval to carry out the study was sought from the institutional IRB. Results: Patients attended to were predominantly adults 33 (83%). The superior posterior iliac crest was the commonest site for the procedure and disposable needles were routinely used in 33 (83%) of the patients. Pain and excessive bleeding 18 (45%) were the commonest complications associated with the procedure. Conclusion: Most of the clinicians involved doing the procedure were residents/registrars. Most of the patients attended to were adults (83%) and majority of the clinicians performed the procedure on the posterior iliac site (96%) using disposable needles (83%). Local anesthesia was commonly used during the procedure (88%).

Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It can restore normal life expectancy and improve quality of life when used safely. Blood is scarce, costly and its use could be associated. with complications. Good clinical practice, which includes proper documentation, ensures safe and effective transfusion practice. The objective of the study was to analyze the process of documenting the clinical blood transfusion practice at public teaching and referral hospital. A hospital based medical chart review of 384 patients who were transfused from June 2013 to November 2013 was carried out. Systematic random sampling method was used to sample the patient medical charts and a data was collected using a structured data collection. Data was analyzed using frequency tables and is presented in form of text, tables and charts. Approval was obtained from Institutional Research and Ethical Committee of Moi University and the patient's medical records were deidentified. The median age of the recipients was 31.5 years (IQR 13, 45.8) and the range was 1 day to 89 years. Females comprised 55.2% of the recipients. The indication of the transfusion, pre-transfusion Hb, consent, blood and blood product unit number, start times, duration of transfusion and observations of vital signs were documented in the charts of 91.1%. 99.0%, 0.8%, 73.4%, 43%, 47.1% and 27.6% of all the recipients respectively. It was concluded that there were inadequacies in the documentation of the transfusion process. The strategies of clinical audit and continuing medical education of health workers ought to be applied in order to improve the documentation of the clinical practice of blood transfusion. In addition, studies to establish the reasons for inadequate documentation of the transfusion process should be carried out.