Agriculture is the lifeline for many economies, India being one of them. Many issues have arisen because of intense agriculture adopted in India, especially since nineties. Groundwater depletion is one of the burning issue plaguing Indian agriculture. Punjab, our study area is flagged as over-exploited area since the nineties. This study focuses on identifying the determinants of poor groundwater condition in Punjab from 1996 to 2018. The methodology used to establish the relationship between various agriculture related variables and groundwater depletion is Feasible Generalised Least Square model as OLS has inherent problems when it deals with panel data. The study has shown a positive significant effect of changing cropping intensity, well density, irrigation through tube-well, and technology (tractor) on depletion of groundwater. However, change in area under paddy has shown a negative effect on groundwater depletion due to the Preservation of Subsoil Water Act, 2009. So, it implies Government must have to find out alternatives way of reducing the intensive use of groundwater and need to reframe its agriculture policies.
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