Decision-making processes, including the ones related to ill-structured problems, are of considerable significance in the area of construction projects. Computer-aided inference under such conditions requires the employment of specific methods and tools (non-algorithmic ones), the best recognized and successfully used in practice represented by expert systems. The knowledge indispensable for such systems to perform inference is most frequently acquired directly from experts (through a dialogue: a domain expert -a knowledge engineer) and from various source documents. Little is known, however, about the possibility of aulomating knowledge acquisition in this area and as a result, in praclice it is scarcely ever used. lt has to be noted that in numerous areas of management more and more attention is paid to the issue of acquiring knowledge from available data. What is known and successfully employed in the practice ofaiding the decision-making is the differenl methods and tools. The paper attempts to selecl metbods for knowledge discovery in data and presents possible ways ofrepresenting the acquired knowledge as well as sample tools (including programming ones), allowing for the use ofthis knowledge in the area under consideration.
The growing paste of military operations, as well as the increased involvement of the Armed Forces in countering the ramifications of natural disasters, impacts the design solutions used for military bridging systems. The most vital optimization factor is the speed of deployment to which all the structural solutions are subject. Another determinant is a wide range of the parameters of the gap to be crossed using one bridging structure transported using typical means of transportation, including its width and the height of the banks. There is a worldwide tendency to fill the space between the treadways, making them more solid and thus much more usable for civilian vehicle traffic as well. That in turn makes them a provisional replacement for the damaged bridge infrastructure used by the population. This poses a number of challenges to be tackled by the state-of-the-art line-of-communication (LOC) bridges and both the close- and general support bridges, which seem to assume the tasks of the LOC bridges.
The IT tools that are widely used for aiding information and decision-making tasks in engineering activities include classic database systems, and in the case of problems with poorly-recognised structure – systems with knowledge bases. The uniqueness of these categories of systems allows, however, neither to represent the approximate or imprecise nature of available data or knowledge nor to process fuzzy data. Since so far there have been no solutions related to the use of fuzzy databases or fuzzy knowledge bases in engineering projects, it seems necessary to make an attempt to assess the possible employment of these technologies to aid analytical and decision-making processes.
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