This article presents Networked Pantheon, a relational database of biographies of globally famous people spanning the last 5,500 years of human history. This source of information is intended to complement Pantheon 1.0 (Yu et. al. 2016), a biographical dataset that includes temporal, spatial, gender, and occupational information on 11,341 world-renowned peopledefined as those who have their biographies in 25 or more Wikipedia language-versions-. Networked Pantheon adds information about the biographical links between these historical figures, which was compiled from the hyperlinks between the biographies in English Wikipedia. This digital method allows technics from network analysis to be used to study the relationships between globally famous people, and thus to calculate different measures of historical centrality for individuals, cities, countries, genders, and occupations. Networked Pantheon complements the historical popularity indicators of Pantheon 1.0 with measurements of the centrality of the figures in the network of biographical references, allowing for an approximation to the information flows between different territories, genders, and occupations of famous people over time.
The present article analyzes the connection between, on the one hand, gender equality and, on the other hand, loneliness and social isolation. It hypothesizes that modern relational institutions that support gender equality, such as no-fault divorce laws, reduce loneliness in close relationships. This hypothesis is put to the test through a multilevel analysis of the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) 2017. The analysis reveals that the data agree, to a large extent, with the theoretical arguments. The prevalence of loneliness is higher in countries with higher levels of gender inequality (as measured by the Gender Inequality Index (GII)). This can be attributed to a moderation effect; at lower levels of gender inequality, partnerships provide better protection from loneliness. These results are robust to controls for demographic composition, level of health, educational attainment, income poverty, and interview mode. Last, the analyses show that the threat of emotional isolation is more widespread in countries with low gender inequality. These findings, however, are only significant before controlling for demographic composition, level of health, educational attainment, income poverty, and interview mode, and they require further analysis. The concluding section relates these findings to the popular tendency to argue that modern society has created a “loneliness epidemic” and discusses policy implications.
El buen y mal vivir del bienestar/desarrollo en Alemania y Ecuador. Reflexiones a partir del análisis del tiempo The Good and Bad Living of Welfare/Development in Germany and Ecuador. Reflections from an Analysis of Time Use Le bien et le mal vivre du bien-être/développement en Allemagne et en Équateur. Réflexions à partir d'une analyse de l'emploi du temps
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