Objective: to analyze factors associated with cure when treating tuberculosis (TB) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2011 to 2014. Methods: this was a cross-sectional study with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN); logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results: of the 57,142 cases reported, 49,691 (86.96%) were included in the study; schooling ≥13 years (odds ratio (OR) 3.48; 95%CI 2.74;4.41) and residing in rural areas (OR 2.27; 95%CI 1.38; 3.73) were factors associated with a higher chance of cure; being male (OR 0.71; 95%CI 0.66;0.76) and brown skin color/race (OR 0.73; 95%CI 0.68;0.78) stood out as factors associated with less chance of cure. Conclusion: social and economic determinants were identified that influence the treatment outcome, evidencing the need for social support and guaranteed access to health services.

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