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This study was designed to assess the presence of human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus-A (RVA), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) in groundwater from deep wells, and recreational and network waters. The water samples were collected and concentrated and the virus genomes were assessed and quantified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Infectious HAdV was evaluated in groundwater and network water samples by integrated cell culture using transcribed messenger RNA (mRNA) (ICC-RT-qPCR). In recreational water samples, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6), HAV in 66.6 % (4/6), and RVA in 66.6 % (4/6). In network water, HAdV was detected in 100 % (6/6) of the samples (these 83 % contained infectious HAdV), although HAV and RVA were not detected and PCV2 was not evaluated. In groundwater from deep wells, during rainy period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 80 % (4/5) of the samples, and HAV and PCV2 were not detected; however, during dry period, HAdV and RVA were detected in 60 % (3/5), HAV in only one sample, and PCV2 in 60 % (4/5). In groundwater, all samples contained infectious HAdV. PCV2 presence in groundwater is indicative of contamination caused by swine manure in Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The disinfection of human and animal wastes is urgent, since they can contaminate surface and groundwater, being a potential threat for public and animal health.

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The imidazolium‐based acidic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogensulfate, [BMIm][HSO4], is used for the grafting of carbon materials, allowing the nitrobenzene diazonium cations to be simply produced in situ. An appealing self‐limiting and self‐patching process occurs in this viscous ionic liquid. Even for low electrolysis charge consumption, the layers are particularly dense and compact at atomic force microscopy resolution. The grafting method is further extended to carbon nanotubes, following either an electrochemical or a chemical route. A bucky paste is easily obtained from [BMIm][HSO4] and carbon nanotubes that could coat a graphite electrode surface. This simple soft method allows: 1) in situ electrografting of carbon nanotubes in [BMIm][HSO4] and/or 2) easy‐to‐handle electrochemical characterizations of the functionalized carbon nanotubes. The covalent functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes is further assessed by Raman spectroscopy.