This study aimed at evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokine response (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17) in patients with chronic periodontitis administered per os with a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus reuteri. In the 38 adult patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, professional cleaning of teeth was performed. Two weeks after performing the oral hygienization procedures, clinical examination permitted to distinguish a group of 24 patients (Group 1) in whom treatment with probiotic tablets containing L. reuteri strain, producing hydrogen peroxide (Prodentis), was conducted. In the remaining 14 patients, no probiotic tablet treatment was applied (the control group; Group 2). From all patients in two terms, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was sampled from all periodontal pockets. Estimation of TNF-α, IL-lβ and IL-17 in GCF was performed using the ELISA method. After completion of the therapy with probiotic tablets, 18 (75 %) of the patients of Group 1 have manifested a significant decrease in levels of studied pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17). In parallel, we have detected an improvement of clinical indices [sulcus bleeding index (SBI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL)]. At individuals of Group 2 levels of studies, pro-inflammatory cytokines and clinical indices (SBI, PPD, CAL) were significantly higher than in Group 1. Results obtained in this study indicate that application of oral treatment with tablets containing probiotic strain of L. reuteri induces in most patients with chronic periodontitis a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine response and improvement of clinical parameters (SBI, PPD, CAL). Therefore, such an effect may result in a reduced activity of the morbid process.
The aim of this study was to measure the strontium levels in surface and subsurface artificially decalcified enamel exposed in situ to a strontium-supplemented toothpaste. Twenty healthy premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were cut into blocks and demineralized. The samples were cemented to the teeth of six volunteers who brushed with a hydroxyapatite (HAP) and HAP strontium-supplemented toothpaste for 3 and 6 mo. The strontium content in the enamel surface and in the lateral wall of the enamel samples was evaluated using energy-dispersive spectrometry microanalysis. After 3 mo, the strontium content in the enamel surface increased significantly compared to baseline values. On the lateral enamel surfaces, the strontium level was the same in all of the layers after 6 mo and was higher than the level observed after 3 mo. Regular toothbrushing with a strontium-supplemented toothpaste has been found to increase the strontium content in the exposed enamel, which can be an advantage in the prevention of cariogenesis.
The aim of this study was to measure the strontium levels in surface and subsurface artificially decalcified enamel exposed in situ to a strontium-supplemented toothpaste. Twenty healthy premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons were cut into blocks and demineralized. The samples were cemented to the teeth of six volunteers who brushed with a hydroxyapatite (HAP) and HAP strontium-supplemented toothpaste for 3 and 6 mo. The strontium content in the enamel surface and in the lateral wall of the enamel samples was evaluated using energy-dispersive spectrometry microanalysis. After 3 mo, the strontium content in the enamel surface increased significantly compared to baseline values. On the lateral enamel surfaces, the strontium level was the same in all of the layers after 6 mo and was higher than the level observed after 3 mo. Regular toothbrushing with a strontium-supplemented toothpaste has been found to increase the strontium content in the exposed enamel, which can be an advantage in the prevention of cariogenesis.
Perio don ti tis rep re sents a chronic perio don tal dis ease, which leads to de struc tion of perio don tal tis sues. Chronic perio don ti tis may de velop in vari ous age groups but it most fre quently af fects adults, mani fest ing mod er ate or se vere clini cal course [20]. In etio patho gene sis of periodon ti tis the main role is played by perio don to patho gens [5,11]. The clini cal im por tant pe rio patho gens in clude, i.a., Por phy ro mo nas gin givalis and Prevo tella in ter media, rep re sent ing obliga tory an aer obes and fac ul ta tive anaer obe Ag gre ga ti bac ter actino my ce tem comi tans [9,27,29]. Around 1% of physio logi cal oral cav ity flora rep re sent oral lac to ba cilli, which are de tected in sa liva in num bers ex ceed ing 10 6 CFU/ml [26], com pris ing mostly L. aci dophi lus [4]. MATERIALS AND METHODSPa tients. The stud ies were per formed on bac te rial strains se lected from 10 pa tients (30-50 years of age, mean 38.2±4.5 years) with mod er ate chronic perio don ti tis.
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