Thioredoxins (TRX) are pivotal for the redox regulation of enzyme activities to adjust metabolic fluxes towards environmental changes. Previous reports demonstrated TRX o1 and h2 impact on mitochondrial metabolism including photorespiration and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we aimed to unravel potential specificities between regulation modes of both TRXs, especially under conditions with short-term changes in photorespiration. Therefore, short-term metabolite responses of single TRX mutants were analyzed after exposure to altered CO2/O2 ratios during darkness and illumination. This approach was complemented by comprehensive characterization of multiple Arabidopsis mutants lacking either one or both TRX in the wild-type Arabidopsis or the glycine decarboxylase (GDC) T-protein knock down line (gldt1). The results provided evidence for additive effects of combined TRX o1 and h2 deficiency to suppress growth, photosynthesis and mitochondrial metabolism. Quantification of pyrimidine nucleotides in conjunction with metabolite and 13C-labelling approaches revealed a rather uniform impact on mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (mtLPD1) dependent pathways. Biochemical analysis of recombinant mtLPD1 demonstrated its inhibition by NADH, pointing at an additional measure to fine-tune its in vivo activity. Collectively, we propose that TRX o1 and h2 contribute to the communication of altered subcellular redox-states through direct and indirect regulation of mtLPD1. This regulation module might represent a common intercept for simultaneous adjustments in the operation of photorespiration, the TCA-cycle and the degradation of branched chain amino acids.

Janice Niemann, “Sex in the Summer-House: Setting in Victorian Pornography” (pp. 42–69) Despite scholarship on the history and publication of pornography, on laws surrounding Victorian pornography, and on pornography’s mutually informative relationship with nineteenth-century medical texts, actual Victorian pornographic texts remain relatively understudied. Taking up Lisa Sigel’s call to action that specific “motifs in nineteenth-century pornography deserve closer study,” and responding to previous scholars who have identified setting in Victorian pornography as largely inconsequential, I suggest that certain settings have significant literary impacts in Victorian pornography. Adopting the summer-house as a test case in three Victorian pornographic texts—The Romance of Lust (1873–76), Venus in India (1889), and Lovely Nights of Young Girls (c. 1895)—I investigate specific moments of sex in the summer-house, arguing that the liminality of summer-house settings facilitates character behavior and genre performance being pushed to their own liminal boundaries. Ultimately, I posit that the literary summer-house is a recognizable trope in Victorian pornography, and one that asks us to reexamine the impact of specific settings in the genre. Note: this paper discusses underage sex, incest, and rape.

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