Las medidas de prevención y control sanitario en sistemas productivos piscícolas de tilapia son un reto para los pequeños productores campesinos en Colombia. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en identificar in situ el estado sanitario de pequeños centros de producción de tilapia en el municipio de San Carlos, Antioquia. Se realizaron análisis macro y microscópico de 140 peces, se tomaron muestras de los principales órganos y se evaluó Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, y Edwardsiella tarda a través de pcr. Se tomaron tres peces por producción y se determinó la presencia de Escherichia coli en filete. Además, se evaluó la concentración de oxígeno disuelto, la temperatura, los sólidos totales disueltos, la salinidad, la conductividad, el pH y la presencia microbiológica de E. coli y coliformes totales en agua. Por su parte, los hallazgos macroscópicos evidenciaron anormalidades en ojos, riñón posterior e hígado. Los microorganismos hallados fueron: monogéneos (53,9 %), tricodínidos (29,1 %) y Epistylis (7,8 %). Los peces con monogéneos presentaron un peso y una longitud mayor que aquellos negativos (p = 0,017 y 0,045, respectivamente) y lesiones en branquias en mayor proporción (rp = 1,56, ic95 % 1,17-2,06, p = 0,006). La presencia de tricodínidos presentó una relación estadísticamente significativa con el pH, la conductividad y la concentración de sal, además, las pruebas moleculares fueron negativas. La información generada puede utilizarse para plantear acciones zootécnicas y sanitarias para mejorar el estatus sanitario de los sistemas productivos de tilapia en San Carlos.
Canine leptospirosis is a zoonosis of epidemiological importance. Dogs are recognized as primary reservoirs of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicola and a source of infection to the environment through urine. This study aimed to determine the presence of antibodies against Leptospira in canines from 49 municipalities in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. We performed a cross-sectional study of dogs included in a neutering control program. We collected 1335 sera samples, assayed by a microagglutination test (MAT), and performed PCR detection in 21 urine samples. We also surveyed 903 dog owners. We found a seroreactivity of 11.2% (150/1335) in Antioquia with titers 1:50. Municipalities with the highest number of cases were Belmira (46.1%), Turbo (34.5%), and Concepción (31.0%). L. santarosai was identified by phylogenetic analysis in one urine sample from the municipality of Granada. The most important factor associated with a positive result was the lack of vaccination against leptospirosis (PR 3.3, p < 0.014). Environmental factors such as water presence and bare soil around the household were also associated with Leptospira seroreactivity in the Department of Antioquia. We reviewed a national epidemiological surveillance database for human cases in those municipalities. We found a correlation between the high number of cases in canines and humans, especially in the Uraba. Serological and molecular results showed the circulation of Leptospira. Future public health efforts in the municipalities with the highest numbers of seroreactivity should be directed towards vaccination to prevent animal disease and decrease the probability of transmission of Leptospira. Dogs actively participate in the Leptospira cycle in Antioquia and encourage the implementation of vaccination protocols and coverage.
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