The interaction of an 18-base cis-element in the 5-untranslated region of human folate receptor (FR)-␣ mRNA with a cytosolic trans-factor protein is critical for the translation of FR (Sun, X.-L., and Antony, A. C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 25539 -25547). This trans-factor was isolated to apparent homogeneity as a 43-and 38-kDa doublet from human placenta using poly(U)-Sepharose, followed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electro-elution as major purification steps. Amino acid microsequencing of two cyanogen bromide-generated peptide fragments of the 43-kDa trans-factor revealed complete identity with 43-kDa heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP E1). Purified specific rabbit anti-hnRNP E1 peptide antibodies (generated against a synthetic oligopeptide that was not represented in microsequenced peptides of the trans-factor) also recognized the purified trans-factor on Western blots. Conversely, the 18-base FR RNA cis-element also bound hnRNP E1 protein on Northwestern blots. Moreover, a 19-base RNA ciselement in the 3-untranslated region of 15-lipoxygenase mRNA that is known to bind hnRNP E1 also interacted with placental 43-kDa trans-factor. In addition, several murine tissues containing a hnRNP E1-related protein (also known as ␣CP-1) readily interacted with the 18-base FR RNA cis-element. Finally, anti-hnRNP E1 antibodies specifically inhibited translation of FR in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, and the antibody effect could be reversed in a dose-dependent manner by either purified trans-factor or hnRNP E1. Collectively, the data favor identity of the FR mRNA-binding trans-factor and hnRNP E1, confirm its critical role in the translation of FR, and highlight yet another role of multifunctional hnRNP E1 in eukaryotic mRNA regulation.
Although folate receptors (FRs) mediate folate uptake into cells, the independent role of FRs in cell proliferation remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that transduction of FR cDNA in sense or antisense orientation using recombinant adeno-associated virus modulated FR expression and altered proliferation of cervical carcinoma cells (which constitutively overexpress FR genes). We determined that the integration of recombinant adeno-associated virions was not site specific.
Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored hydrophobic placental folate receptors (PFRs), which have an important functional role in maternal-to-fetal transplacental folate transport, can be converted to soluble hydrophilic forms by a placental metalloprotease. Using a Triton X-114 temperature-induced phase separation assay to monitor enzyme-mediated conversion of radiolabeled hydrophobic PFR into hydrophilic PFR, a metalloenzyme was isolated to apparent homogeneity from Triton X-114-solubilized human placenta using concanavalin A-Sepharose and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as major purification steps. The purified hydrophobic enzyme eluted as a single protein peak on reverse-phase HPLC and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single 63,000 M(r) species, which was reduced to 58,000 M(r) following deglycosylation, findings comparable with amino acid analysis (M(r) approximately 59,000). The metalloenzyme was activated by Mg2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+, optimally at physiologic pH; it also exhibited EDTA-sensitive endoproteolytic cleavage of [3H]leucine-labeled full-length nascent PFR polypeptide generated in vitro in the absence of microsomes. Rabbit polyclonal anti-metalloprotease antiserum specifically immunoprecipitated 125I-metalloprotease and recognized cross-reacting moieties on plasma membranes of normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells and human cervical carcinoma cells, both of which also express FR.
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