Communication is defined as the phenomenon found specifically in animal species. It was however refined and modified only by the human species. Language and speech are two basic areas that fall under the umbrella of communication. With these processes also comes the impending danger of abnormal speech and language, leading to the development of their disorders. Objectives: Reporting the frequency changes in the voice of patients who are positive of covid-19. Methods: Application of cross-section study type of retrospective nature was steered. Details were extracted from 2 trust hospitals of Lahore, UOL Teaching Hospital and Arif Memorial Hospital. Convenient based sample accumulation technique was applied for data assembly from subjects. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) , was used for the evaluation of patient perceived voice changes. Results: Data of 379 patients of Covid-19 infection was compiled. Shaky and weak voice, unclear voice and change in voice observed at the end of the day were all highlighted as voice changes in subjects. Out of 379, 263 experience shaky and weak voice to some extent which meant 69.4% of the participants experienced this. 241 out of 379 experienced problems with voice clarity and complained about not being able to speak clearly, meaning 63.6% faced this issue. 242 experienced change of voice over the passage of time in entire day, indicating 63.9% experienced this. Conclusion: Weak voice or having a shaky voice, having voice that was not clear enough to be understood by others, and feeling a change is voice quality over the day were considered as pointers of voice change. collecting and analyzing the data, the investigation concluded that voice changes were observed in individuals during Covid-19 infection.
Background: Human life would have had no purpose without the ability of communication. Immense dedication from the side of the teachers, parents and clinical professionals is placed to develop the communication ability in children. The communication of the geriatric demographic however is not paid as much heed as that paid to the pediatric population. This can be proved by the fact that there is unlimited literature readily available to address the communication needs of the children, unfortunately for the elderly, the literature is restricted. Objective: Frequency of the difficulties of communication as well as swallowing were intended to be sighted by the work of the current investigation. Methodology: Exploration of cross section type on the geriatric population that arrived in the tertiary setups, specifically to the Department of Speech and Language Pathology within the district of Lahore, Punjab was administered. Sampling characterized of convenient type to compile particulars and data was executed. Assembly of the details and data was practiced through the use of professional expertise and literature review inspired questionnaire. Analysis of figures and data was accomplished through SPSS 22. Results: 82 (68.9%) males and 37 (31.1%) females, out of 119 participants with Mean age 59.31 ±7.955 years were included in this study. Dysarthria, was the most frequently observed motor disorder of speech. Dysarthria was diagnosed in (42%) meaning 50 individuals. Voice disorder was observed in 16.0% implying 19 had the disorder. 4 Fluency disorder found in 3.4% cases and lastly apraxia was diagnosed in 1.7% of the subjects. Among the disorders of language, subjects were mostly determined to have aphasia. It was found in 33.6% patients equating to 40. Dementia was found in 0.8% of the subjects. 10.9% of the subjects, implying 13 had dysphagia. Practical implication Conclusion: The elderly population concerns with communication and swallowing frequently. The disorder of speech diagnosed most frequently is dysarthria. In language disorders, aphasia was observed more often. Keywords: Apraxia, dysphagia, geriatric, aphasia and dysarthria.
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