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The purpose of this clinical study was to investigate the types of microorganisms in deep proximal caries lesions and the efficacy of elimination of microorganisms after a 24 s ozone application to proximal cavity lesions prepared for restoration. Sixteen caries-active volunteers (female: 8, male: 8; age range: 35-55), with proximally situated deep caries lesions on premolars or molars, were included in the study. Each patient underwent two microbiological investigations. First, the caries decay before treatment was assessed. Second, the dentine tissue was assessed after the removal of necrotic tooth decay and 24 s ozone application. The prevalence of oral streptococci was determined. In addition, we isolated Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis and Peptostreptococcus spp. from deep proximal caries lesion in caries-active patients. All microorganisms found in the deep proximal caries lesions were destroyed following 24 s ozone application. Our findings suggest that S. anginosus group, C. albicans and E. faecalis should be considered as an index for caries activity in caries-active patients, but additional studies are necessary to confirm this suggestion. This study demonstrated that 24 s of gaseous ozone application to the deep proximal caries lesions effectively eliminated microbial species.

This article aims to prove dentin bridge formation in two cases after direct pulp capping in reversible pulpitis using the platelet concentrate A-PRF+ and preservation of the vitality of the dental pulp. The hemostasis process for the pulp wound and cavity disinfection with gaseous ozone was performed under anesthesia. A large A-PRF+ membrane was prepared from blood plasma and applied to the pulp wound. After placing an MTA, the cavity was closed using glass-ionomer cement. Clinical and cone beam computed tomography findings demonstrated the formation of a dentin bridge in both cases. After the definitive restoration was conducted during the sixth month, the teeth from both patients were asymptomatic and had normal electric pulp testing values. Conclusions: Via clinical and CBCT examinations, we observed the dentin bridge formation after placing the platelet concentrate A-PRF+ in both cases. The vitality of the dental pulp was preserved. Further research is needed to refine the clinical protocol, recommended period for control examination, clarification of the precise indications of platelet concentrates, etc.

Bullous pemphigoid /BP/ is a chronic blistering disorder that can affect oral mucosa very rarely. This autoimmune disease typically has a gradual onset and a chronic progressive course with exacerbations and remissions. Against components located in the epithelial basement membrane are formed autoantibodies. It is important to perform an incisional biopsy to establish a definitive diagnosis. Direct immunofluorescent findings are identical in BMMP and BP. Indirect immunofluorescence shows circulating IgG antibodies against the components of basement membrane in the majority of cases with BP but very rarely in patients with BMMP. There is no correlation between antibody titer and disease severity in BP. The aim is to present a very rare case of bullous pemphygoid of oral mucosa histologically proved with immunostaining. We present a patient with clinically identified oral lesion-bullae with clear fluid content in buccal mucosa of maxilla. After the rupture of bullae it left painful, superficial, ulcerated areas of oral mucosa. Hystopathological examination revealed subepithelial blister formation with clean separation of the full thickness of the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue layer. Direct immunofluorescence revealed a continuous linear band of immunoreactants at the basement membrane area. This immune deposit consist mainly IgG and C3, localized in the basement membrane. Conclusion: The treatment depends on the severity of the disease, tendency of progression and the affected areas. Therefore the clinicians should thoroughly examine all mucosal sites in order to make a proper diagnosis. The chronically characteristic of this autoimmune disease can lead to significant morbidity to patients. The adverse effects from long-term use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressives agents can also contribute to morbidity. 1. INTRODUCTION Autoimmune diseases typically have a gradual onset and a chronic progressive course with exacerbations and remissions. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (cicatrial pemphigoid) and bullous pemphigoid represents a group of chronic, blistering, mucocutaneous autoimmune diseases in which tissue-bound autoantibodies are directed against components of the basement membrane of the epithelium. This condition has a heterogeneous origin, with autoantibodies being produced against any one of a variety of basement membrane components, all of which are with similar clinical manifestations. It is interesting that these oral lesions seldom exhibit tendency for scar formation [1-4]. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and cicatrial pemphigoid(CP) have similar causes and microscopic features but a different distribution of lesions. The skin in all patients with BP demonstrates large thick-walled bullae, but oral mucosal lesions are less common [5, 6]. Bullous pemphigoid is the most common of the auto-immune blistering conditions, occurring at an estimated