Electron donor−π−acceptor chromophores 5, 9, 11, 18−20, 21, 22, 27, 28a, 28c, 31, 32, 34−36, 38a−c, 41a, 41c, and 42 have been synthesised. The donor units are 1,3-dithiole and ferrocene; conjugated ethylenic, phenyl, phenylenevinylene, thienyl, bithienyl, terthienyl, or thienylenevinylene linkers act as a central π-electron relay unit, and dicyanomethylene and polynitrofluorene groups as the acceptor unit. The electronic absorption spectra display a broad low-energy intramolecular charge transfer band in the visible region (500−700 nm) the energy (hν ICT ഠ 1.7−2.5 eV) and intensity (ε ഠ 5000−50000 m −1 cm −1 ) of which depend substantially on the nature of both D and A moieties and on the structure of the linker unit. Nonlinear optical properties have been evaluated using the EFISH technique: the highest µβ (0) values are observed for 38b [(900±300)×10 −48 esu] and 42
The recent introduction of newborn screening for severe primary T and B cell deficiencies in Switzerland allows rapid identification of patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Outcomes for SCID are greatly improved by early diagnosis and treatment with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or, in selected cases, gene therapy. National centralised newborn screening is performed in Switzerland since January 2019 using a combined T cell receptor excision circles (TREC) / κ-deleting recombination excision circles (KREC) assay, also revealing infants with non-SCID severe T and B cell disorders, who are often diagnosed with a substantial delay. Here, we outline the screening procedure currently performed in Switzerland and give recommendations for diagnostic evaluations and precautionary measures against infection in children with abnormal screening test results.
Transthoracic intracardiac catheters are useful in the management of specific patient groups with complex congenital heart defects. Adverse events do occur; most of them do not require intervention. The insertion technique plays an important role in avoiding adverse events. Strict guidelines for the use and removal of transthoracic intracardiac catheters are required. Low platelet count should delay catheter removal. The wealth of information and therapeutic options offered by these catheters appear to outweigh the associated potential adverse events in this specific patient group.
Blood transfusion-free complex congenital cardiac surgery in a neonate remains a challenge for multidisciplinary cardiac teams. At our institution, a 3.5 kg neonate, born to a family of Jehovah's Witnesses and postnatally diagnosed with dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) and a small muscular ventricular septal defect, underwent a successful arterial switch operation without blood or platelet transfusion. Key points that contributed to success were optimal preoperative haematopoetic conditioning using erythropoietin and iron, a miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass circuit including a low prime volume oxygenator and crystalloid cardioplegia, and a well-coordinated multidisciplinary team. We report an overview of the literature regarding blood transfusion-free complex congenital cardiac surgery.
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