Increasing the availability and improving the quality of surface water in south Florida by temporarily fl ooding previously drained pastureland is one of the goals of Northern Everglades Restoration Initiative. Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) is one of the most important forage grasses in the region and although tolerant to short-term fl ooding, bahiagrass is classifi ed as a facultative upland (FACU+) species that suggest dry matter production and plant persistence might be reduced under periods of extended waterlogging. A 2-yr greenhouse study was conducted in 2008 and 2009 to determine the eff ect of fl ooding duration on dry matter yield (DMY) and crude protein content (CPC) of bahiagrass compared to two fl ooding tolerant forages, limpograss (Hemarthria altissima Poir), and maidencane (Panicum hematomon Schult) and to determine if N fertilization could be used to mitigate fl ooding eff ects. Dry matter production and CPC levels varied with fl ooding durations (P ≤ 0.001) and levels of N fertilization (P ≤ 0.001). Averaged across fl ooding duration and levels of N, limpograss had the greatest dry matter yield of 11.6 t ha -1 followed by maidencane (8.6 t ha -1 ) and bahiagrass (8.5 t ha -1 ) while bahiagrass had the highest CPC of 6.9% followed by maidencane (6.0%) and limpograss (3.7%). Th e overall yield response of the three forage species: bahiagrass (R 2 = 0.95**); limpograss (R 2 = 0.93**); and maidencane (R 2 = 0.99**) were linearly related to increasing levels of N fertilization. Crude protein contents of three forage species: bahiagrass (R 2 = 0.97**), limpograss (R 2 = 0.99**), and maidencane (R 2 = 0.87**) were also linearly related to increasing levels of N fertilization. Averaged across forage species, dry matter yield of forages fertilized with 200 kg N ha -1 with no fl ooding were statistically comparable with plants that were fertilized with 200 kg N ha -1 and fl ooded for 84 d. Our results support our hypothesis that the negative impact of fl ooding could be mitigated by N fertilization.
Under greenhouse conditions, vaporization of oxyfluorfen [2-chloro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene] formulations (2 EC, 25 WP, 1G) was studied on cabbage (Brassica oleraceaL. var. capitata L. F. alba DC. ‘Market Prize’), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Campbell 37’), cucumber (Cucumis sativusL. ‘Straight 8’), and lettuce (Lactuca sativaL. ‘Salad Bowl’). The emulsifiable concentrate and granular formulations caused vapor injury to plants exposed under glass bell jars. Vapor injury to all species increased when exposure times were increased from 8 to 72 h. Lettuce was the most susceptible test species. Exposure temperatures of 18 and 29 C did not alter the amount of vapor injury apparent on tomato foliage. Oxyfluorfen vapor injury did not reduce dry weight of any test species.
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