In the list of consortium members for the Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project, member Dina Amrom's name was misspelled as Amron. The authors regret the error.
Summary Background Paediatric scalp nevi may represent a source of anxiety for practitioners and parents, as the clinical and dermoscopic features of typical nevi have yet to be defined. Prompted by concern about the large size, irregular borders, and colour variation of scalp nevi, clinicians and parents may request unnecessary excision of these nevi. Objective The purpose of this study is to establish the typical clinical and dermoscopic patterns of scalp nevi in children younger than 18 years old to help optimize clinical care and management. Methods Scalp nevi were imaged with a camera (Canon Rebel, XSi) and dermoscopic attachment (3Gen, Dermlite Foto, 30mm lens) to the camera. The clinical and dermoscopic images were reviewed and analyzed. Both acquired and congenital scalp nevi were included but were not further differentiated from each other. Results We obtained clinical and dermoscopic images of 88 scalp nevi in 39 Caucasian children. Two subjects had received chronic immunosuppressive medication. Nineteen children have had a family history of melanoma. Males (18/39 subjects, 46%) possessed 68% (60 nevi) of scalp nevi imaged. Younger (<10 years old) subjects (24/39 subjects, 62%) possessed 42% (37 nevi) of scalp nevi. The main clinical patterns included eclipse (n=18), cockade (n=3), solid brown (n=42), and solid pink (n=25) nevi. Solid-coloured nevi showed the following dermoscopic patterns: globular (57%), complex (reticular-globular) (27%), reticular (9%), homogenous (6%), and fibrillar (1%). The majority of nevi had a unifying feature—perifollicular hypopigmentation, which caused the appearance of scalloped, irregular borders if occurring on the periphery, or variegation in pigmentation, if occurring within the nevi. Conclusions Older subjects and males tend to harbour a larger proportion of scalp nevi. The main clinical patterns include solid-coloured and eclipse nevi. The most common dermoscopic pattern of scalp nevi is the globular pattern. Perifollicular hypopigmentation is a hallmark feature of signature scalp nevi. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive tool in the evaluation of cutaneous melanocytic lesions in children and may decrease the number of unnecessary excisions.
The ASXL genes (ASXL1, ASXL2, and ASXL3) participate in body patterning during embryogenesis and encode proteins involved in epigenetic regulation and assembly of transcription factors to specific genomic loci. Germline de novo truncating variants in ASXL1 and ASXL3 have been respectively implicated in causing Bohring-Opitz and Bainbridge-Ropers syndromes, which result in overlapping features of severe intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. ASXL2 has not yet been associated with a human Mendelian disorder. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing in six unrelated probands with developmental delay, macrocephaly, and dysmorphic features. All six had de novo truncating variants in ASXL2. A careful review enabled the recognition of a specific phenotype consisting of macrocephaly, prominent eyes, arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, a glabellar nevus flammeus, neonatal feeding difficulties, hypotonia, and developmental disabilities. Although overlapping features with Bohring-Opitz and Bainbridge-Ropers syndromes exist, features that distinguish the ASXL2-associated condition from ASXL1- and ASXL3-related disorders are macrocephaly, absence of growth retardation, and more variability in the degree of intellectual disabilities. We were also able to demonstrate with mRNA studies that these variants are likely to exert a dominant-negative effect, given that both alleles are expressed in blood and the mutated ASXL2 transcripts escape nonsense-mediated decay. In conclusion, de novo truncating variants in ASXL2 underlie a neurodevelopmental syndrome with a clinically recognizable phenotype. This report expands the germline disorders that are linked to the ASXL genes.
Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive sweating that occurs in the axillae, palms, soles, and craniofacial region in amounts greater than needed for thermal regulation. Although the etiology is unknown, this disorder can cause significant emotional and social distress. The focus of this paper is the diagnosis and treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis in children and adolescents.
BCG vaccination will continue to be a key method of preventing severe tuberculosis infections for the foreseeable future. The World Health Organization currently recommends BCG vaccination for all infants living in tuberculosis endemic areas. As such, it is important for health care providers to recognize the routinely anticipated cutaneous findings of the vaccination, in addition to complications relating to the injection. Subsequent care of these skin complications is of paramount importance to the health of these patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.