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A preventive care program for very preterm infants and their families improved behavioral outcomes for infants and reduced anxiety and depression for primary caregivers.

This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 12 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Early developmental intervention programmes post-hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants (Review)

Early developmental intervention programs post hospital discharge to prevent motor and cognitive impairments in preterm infants (Review)

Aim  The aim of this study was to review the effects of early developmental intervention after discharge from hospital on motor and cognitive development in preterm infants. Method  Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs of early developmental intervention programmes for preterm infants in which motor or cognitive outcomes were reported and in which the intervention commenced before or after discharge were included. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies grouped by intervention, age of outcome, and study quality was undertaken. Databases searched (up to January 2009) included the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase. Results  Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria (2686 patients randomized), but only 11 studies had data suitable for meta‐analysis. Early developmental intervention improved cognitive outcomes at infant age (developmental quotient: standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.33–0.52; p<0.001), and at preschool age (IQ: SMD 0.46, 95% CI 0.33–0.59; p<0.001). However, the benefit was not sustained at school age (IQ: SMD 0.02, 95% CI –0.10 to 0.14; p=0.71). Early intervention had little effect on motor outcome at infant or school age, and there was no study reporting motor outcome at preschool age. Interpretation  Current evidence suggests that the benefits of developmental intervention postdischarge are restricted to short‐term gains in cognitive outcome.