Team climate is important for patient and staff satisfaction. In large general practices, separate sub-cultures may exist between administrative and clinical staff, which has implications for designing effective team interventions.
The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [1] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [2]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns.
K: Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, beam-intensity monitors, bunch length monitors); Spectrometers; Gas systems and purification; Neutrino detectors A X P : 2103.04755Neutrino-mass mode. This is the standard mode of operation to continually adjust the retarding voltage of the MS in the range of [ 0 − 40 eV; 0 + 50 eV] while tritium is in the system. This scanning range can be adjusted if required. The voltage and the time spent at each setting are defined by the Measurement Time Distribution (MTD) (figure 3). A typical run at a given voltage lasts between 20 s and 600 s; a full scan of the energy range given above takes about 2 h. Of these standard neutrino-mass runs, a small portion will be dedicated to sterile neutrino searches. These searches involve scanning much farther (order of keV) below the endpoint 0 .Calibration mode. To check the long-term system stability, calibration measurements are done regularly. The neutrino-mass mode is suspended for the duration of these measurement:• An energy calibration of the FPD (section 6) is performed weekly, which requires closing off the detector system from the main beamline for about 4 h.• The offset and the gain correction factor of the low-voltage readout in the high-voltage measurement chain needs to be calibrated based on standard reference sources (section 5.3.4). This requires stopping the precision monitoring of the MS retarding potential twice per week for about 0.5 h each.
The written radiology report is the dominant method by which radiologists communicate the results of diagnostic and interventional imaging procedures. It has an important impact on decisions about further investigation and management. Its form and content can be influential in reducing harm to patients and mitigating risk for practitioners but varies markedly with little standardisation in practice. Until now, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists has not had a guideline for the written report. International guidelines on this subject are not evidence based and lack description of development methods. The current guideline seeks to improve the quality of the written report by providing evidence-based recommendations for good practice. The following attributes of the report are addressed by recommendations: Content Clinical information available to the radiologist at the time the report was created Technical details of the procedure Examination quality and limitations Findings (both normal and abnormal) Comparison with previous studies Pathophysiological diagnosis Differential diagnoses Clinical correlation and/or answer to the clinical question Recommendations, particularly for further imaging and other investigations Conclusion/opinion/impression Format Length Format Language Confidence and certainty Clarity Readability Accuracy Communication of discrepancies between an original verbal or written report and the final report Proofreading/editing of own and trainee reports.
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