OBJECTIVE: To develop a shortened form of the original 50-item fat phobia scale. METHOD: The ®rst factor from the original fat phobia scale Ð undisciplined, inactive and unappealing Ð was identi®ed as a potential short form of the scale. A new sample of 255 people completed the original 50-item scale. The reliability of a shortened 14-item version of the scale was tested and compared to that of the full scale using both the new sample and the original sample of 1135 study participants. RESULTS: The fat phobia scale Ð short form demonstrated excellent reliability in both samples and was strongly correlated with the 50-item scale. Mean and 90th percentile scores are given for both the long and short versions of the scale. CONCLUSION: The shortened fat phobia scale is expected to increase the utility of the measure in a diverse array of research and clinical settings. Future research should focus on developing scale norms for the general population and conducting research on fat phobia in males and among different ethnic groups.
We examined fat phobia, defined as a pathological fear of fatness, by constructing the Fat Phobia Scale, determining its reliability and validity, examining correlates of fat phobia, and using a treatment approach designed to decrease fat phobia. Study 7 describes the development of the Fat Phobia Scale, a SO-item, modified 5-point semantic differential scale. Subjects (974 females and 7 77 males) completed the scale; factor analysis yielded six factors.Respondents who are average weight, female, younger, have more than a high school education, or are nonmedical professionals are more likely to have fat phobic attitudes. Study 2 examines fat phobic attitudes of women (N = 40) who had negative feelings about their bodies. Subjects completed the Fat Phobia Scale before and after a treatment approach designed to reduce their feelings of responsibility for fatness. Total scores on the Fat Phobia Scale and scores on all six factors decreased significantly, indicating a decrease in fat phobia. 0 1993 by john Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The authors describe an innovative treatment program for fat women designed to increase the number and variety of their daily activities and decrease their fat phobic attitudes and depression, thereby increasing their self-esteem. Data on 47 female clients who completed the Fat Phobia Scale, the Restricted Activities Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form, and the Self-Esteem Scale, before and after treatment, indicate improvement on all four instruments. The therapy approach, which focused on (a) increasing clients' daily activities, (b) examining individual eating patterns, (c) redefining standards of beauty, and (d) teaching assertiveness skills to confront the prejudice and discrimination faced by fat people, is presented in detail.Professional psychologists often see fat 1 clients in therapy, sometimes because the clients are concerned about their body size and believe that there are psychological variables contributing to their obesity and oftentimes for other, seemingly unrelated issues. What is the best way to help these clients? Should the client who wants to lose weight be encouraged to try another weight reduction attempt, even if he or she has a long history of dieting that has ended in weight gain or regain? Should the fat client whose presenting problem is not directly weight-related be encouraged to examine weight issues?It is no secret that thinness and fitness are in fashion. During BEATRICE "BEAN" E. ROBINSON received her PhD in family social science in 1983 from the University of Minnesota. She is assistant professor at the Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Practice and Community Health, at the University of Minnesota Medical School. She coordinates the patient satisfaction, marital and sex dysfunction, and abuse recovery services. JANE G. BACON received her MA in clinical psychology in 1968 from the University of Iowa. She is a staff psychologist at the Community Counseling Center in White Bear Lake, MN, a community mental health center serving the northern suburbs of St. Paul. In addition to working with clients with a wide spectrum of mental health problems, she continues to run the Self-Esteem/Body Image Program discussed in this article.
We proposed to (a) replicate earlier findings that human subjects could voluntarily control peripheral skin temperature, (b) test the hypothesis that hyponotic susceptibility and the capacity for absorbed, imaginative attention will enhance autonomic learning and performance, and (c) demonstrate a learning effect, if one exists. We compared seven subjects who scored high with seven subjects who scored low on both a modified version of the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility and the Tellegen Absorption Scale. Auditory feedback was used to train subjects to produce a difference in skin temperature in one hand relative to the other in a direction specified by the experimenter. Large and reliable performance and learning effects were found, but they were unrelated to hypnotic susceptibility or the capacity for absorbed, imaginative attention. Variables that might account for individual differences in learning and performance are discussed.Although large differences in the ability to learn autonomic control have been noted (cf. Miller, 1974), there have been few attempts to systematically investigate personality traits that might be associated with these individual differences (Roessler, 1972;Wenger, 1966; Bell & Schwartz, Note 1). Historically, the earliest reports of voluntary autonomic control have almost always been related to hypnosis, meditation, altered states of consciousness, or similar phenomena (cf. Dalai & Barber, 1969). Miller (1969) noted that his laboratory animals that had been paralyzed by curare learned to control normally involuntary functions significantly better than did noncurarized controls. He suggested that it might be worthwhile to try to use hypnotic suggestion to achieve similar results in human subjects.
Demographic variables, base rates, and personality characteristics of male delinquents were explored in three studies. The total population discharged from a treatment-oriented facility (N = 455) was followed, and data were recovered from 98%. The recidivism rate was 37.5%, which compares to the recidivism base rates found in similar rehabilitation facilities. Significantly higher rates of recidivism were found among the younger delinquents, delinquents with prior institutional experience, and delinquents who had previously run away from an institution. Two studies of recidivism and impulsivity, foresight and planning ability, delay of gratification, and staff ratings of institutional adjustment are reported. Measures of impulse control and foresight and planning ability differentiated 10 recidivists from 10 nonrecidivists. A follow-up study of 68 consecutively discharged subjects from the same institution replicated the findings with respect to impulse control but not foresight and planning ability. One measure of future time perspective and some staff ratings were also related to recidivism. The Porteus (J-score measure of impulsiveness shows the most promise with respect to predicting recidivism.
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