The ever-increasing fatality due to the surge of drug resistance has demanded the development of therapeutic metabolites with novel modes of mechanism. Despite the discovery of new antimicrobials, antibiotic resistance is increasing at an alarming rate. The emergence of novel molecules is necessary for targeting the Multidrug (MDR) and Pan-Drug resistant (PDR) pathogens which are the principal cause of life-threatening infections. Streptomyces strains commonly found in the soil produce secondary metabolites which have outstanding potential for being an antifungal and antibacterial agent. This study aims to isolate, identify, and characterize Streptomyces strains isolated from soil and extract their crude metabolites to determine their hidden therapeutic property. Out of four isolates identified, Streptomyces peucetius and Streptomyces lavendulae have shown significant antimicrobial activity against test organisms. To further determine the activity of their extracts GC-MS analysis, and MIC, as well as radical scavenging activity, were determined. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of compounds 2,3-butanediol, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone-4-carboxamide, and L-Lactic acid which are frequently associated with potent antimicrobial nature. The most vulnerable pathogen to M1 extract was Candida albicans with a MIC value of 7.8125 μg/mL while the susceptible bacteria to M3 extract included Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 3.90 μg/mL. The data obtained for antioxidant activity in the case of metabolic extracts M1 and M3 had an IC50 value of 43.17 µg/mL and 22.65 µg/mL respectively. The above findings hint at the unrealized potential of Streptomyces strains.
Background & Objectives: An alarming rise in multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogen like Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) has culminated in a global health threat in today’s healthcare environment and has caused significant morbidity and mortality in patients. The field of medicinal herbs has developed at an exponential rate in subsequent decades. Acknowledging the antimicrobial mechanisms of essential oils and their components is vital for developing them as a potential new source of antibiotics that can work as an alternative treatment for multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Methods: The current study investigates the physiochemical properties and a variety of analytical and biological activities to determine the activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential Oil against drug-resistant microorganisms by utilizing a Time kill curve and evaluating the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of oil. The antimicrobial properties were assessed using a growth curve and the cell membrane’s integrity. The essential oil was retrieved by hydro-distilling Cinnamon bark, and the volatile components of the essential oil were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Result: GC-MS analysis detected major components such as Cinnamaldehyde-(E) (37.40%); 2-Propenal, 3-phenyl (11.70%) and 1,6-Octadien-3-ol,3,7- dimethyl- (5.97%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curves against VRE were also evaluated. The liberation of cellular contents, as well as changes in cell membrane permeability, have been studied. The MIC value of the essential oil against Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci was 15.625 μg/mL speculating that the essential oil seemed to be effective against the drug-resistant culture. When the essential oil of Cinnamomum cassia was administered to the bacterial culture, the constituents of the bacterial cell were expelled into the medium.
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