Underground space, both open-cut and fully underground method, has been in use throughout the world for mining, storage, waterway, transport, and others from past centuries. But still the clear demarcation of ownership in terms of surface and underground is not clear in most parts of the world. The concept of underground space utilization is an evolving concept. The developed nations have opted for this option to accommodate growing urbanization need. Two modes of space utilization are reviewed for this paper, open excavation and full underground excavation. Also world case scenario is presented and is compared to the situation in Nepal. Social factors and geological factors in the context of Nepal are also addressed that have been crucial in case of some completed projects. Ambiguous underground rights in relation to surface ownership in Nepal is taken in account and example of some cities like Singapore, Tokyo, Helsinki is presented to make it clear how right segregation is possible and is needed for better underground space utilization. Historical evolution of Tunneling in Nepal is discussed along with the future designed and scheduled projects. Despite the geological complexity and lack of experienced manpower in the context of Himalayan geology the importance of underground space is highlighted because emerging researches and technological innovation around the world and also in Nepal have been confirming this concept now and again. As a conclusion for betterment and well managed cities in Nepal underground space would be an undefeated option in the long run.
Planning Support system (PSS) is considered essential to urban planning specifically to make decisions or choices about alternative ways of using available resources, with the aim of achieving particular goals in future. Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used extensively in urban planning activities, whereas PSS are a class of geo-information systems composed of data/information, models and visualization tools that are primarily developed to support different phases of the planning process and its function. In this context, the GIS-based planning support systems is supposed to allow planners and citizens to quickly and efficiently create and test alternative development scenarios and determine their likely impacts on future land use patterns, associated population and employment trends, thus allowing public officials to make informed planning decisions (Ospina, 2004). Based on the archival research, this study aims to explore (i) the theoretical discourse underpinning the Geographical Information System (GIS), Planning Support System (PSS) and use of GIS as a PSS in the urban planning; (ii) the practical implication of GIS as a PSS with reference to the case of urban renewal process in Hong Kong; and (iii) key opportunities as well as limitations of use of GIS as a PSS in Urban Planning Process. This paper contributes to enrich theoretical discourse on use of Computer based technologies such as GIS as a fundamental tool in Planning Support Systems specifically to promote effective and efficient decision-making and urban planning process.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.