Background: The extensive use of artificial insemination in the swine industry emphasizes the need for distribution of good quality semen doses by the artificial insemination centers. A factor that could modify seminal quality is the contact of extended semen with environmental air. However, only few studies have investigated the effects of air presence on semen parameters. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different amounts of air on porcine semen quality during the storage period.Materials, Methods & Results: Four ejaculates from five sexually mature boars were used. Each ejaculate (n = 20) was isothermically diluted (30 x 106/mL) in a BTS-extender and assigned to three groups differing on the amount of air entrapped within the polystyrene tubes (100 mL). In group AIR-0 the tubes were completely filled with extended semen (0% air); in group AIR-25, 75% of the tube volume was filled with extended semen and 25% with air; in group AIR-50, 50% of the tube volume was filled with extended semen. The semen doses were stored at 17.3 ± 0.5ºC for 120 h. The motility parameters were assessed at 24, 72 and 120 h of storage using a CASA system. The evaluation of acrosomal integrity was performed by examining formalin-fixed samples under phase-contrast microscopy (1000 x) at 72 and 120 h of storage. The pH was measured at 24, 48, 72, and 120 h of storage with a digital pH-meter. At 120 h, samples were incubated in waterbath at 38°C for the thermoresistance test and sperm motility was assessed after 30 and 120 min of incubation. For each time analysis, a different sealed tube was used in order to maintain a constant amount of air within the tubes during storage. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS® Software. Boar and week of collection were included as random effect in the model. Groups were compared using the Tukey-Kramer test at a significance level of 5%. The pH was significantly influenced by the amount of air entrapped within the tubes (P < 0.01). Throughout the experiment, the pH of semen doses was higher as the amount of air increased within the tubes. The mean pH for groups AIR-50, AIR-25 and AIR-0 was 7.51 ± 0.06, 7.25 ± 0.06 and 7.07 ± 0.06, respectively. Overall motility was similar among the groups for up to 24 h of storage. At 72 h and 120 h of storage, total, progressive and rapid motility were higher (P < 0.05) in AIR-0 compared to AIR-50. The kinematic parameters DAP and VAP decreased as the volume of air within the tubes increased (P < 0.05). Group AIR-0 exhibited higher values (P < 0.05) for DSL, DCL, VSL, VCL, BCF, and WOB compared to AIR-25 and AIR-50. Furthermore, after the thermoresistance test performed at 120 h of storage, total motility, progressive motility and rapid motility were negatively affected (P < 0.05) by the increasing amounts of air within the tubes. There was no effect of air amount within the semen doses on acrosome integrity (P > 0.05).Discussion: The presence of air within tubes affects the quality of extended semen during storage, resulting in increase of pH and subsequent decrease in motility preservation. This pH-rise could be explained by the loss of CO2 from the diluted semen to the air compartment within the tube. At the same time, it is possible to infer that this event influences the intracellular pH of the spermatozoa, increasing sperm metabolism and, consequently, impairing sperm motility. Therefore, we conclude that avoiding air presence within storage containers is recommended in order to ensure the quality of boar semen doses.
INTRODUÇÃODe uma forma geral, as placas de sinalização e de logradouro das cidades não atendem as necessidades da população, o que resulta em perdas de recursos públicos pela produção de material ineficiente. Esses motivos instigaram esta pesquisa. Porque isso acontece? Como solucionar a ineficiência desse tipo de mobiliário urbano? Em investigação ao tema, tratado na dissertação de Moroni [9], optou-se por analisar todos os setores de desenvolvimento, com intuito de localizar o ponto de melhorias a fazer e propor sugestões. O mobiliário urbano (MU) é classificado de diversas formas, o que já mostra a diversificação de profissionais que pensam de formas diferentes. Será que esse é o problema de ter tantas placas fora de padrão? Buscou-se em bibliografia, artigos, manuais que tratassem do assunto de mobiliário urbano, e verificou-se que o foco dado é sobre os tipos de classificação, a história e sua evolução através do tempo, normas técnicas de instalação organizadas por instituições públicas regionais e nacionais e até o porquê da denominação de mobiliário urbano. Dessa forma, notou-se a necessidade de realizar um material que pudesse funcionar como referência para projetistas desse segmento das placas de sinalização e de logradouro, visto a ausência desse tipo de informação na literatura. No entanto, ao continuar na pesquisa, percebeu-se que, além de criar material de consulta, seria necessário desenvolver um padrão das placas de sinalização e de logradouro. Isto decorre, provavelmente, pela diferença de como partem os projetos de placas, influenciados pelas diferentes formações dos profissionais envolvidos, o que reflete na quantidade de placas sem padrão e que perdem a sua funcionalidade pela subjetividade de seus projetos.Assim, foi elaborado um aplicativo, software, de fácil acesso aos profissionais da área de projetos de mobiliário urbano, contendo o padrão de tipografia, diagramação, combinação de cores e pictogramas para a correta função das 79
Este trabalho, financiado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES Brasil), aborda os vínculos entre arte, moda e museu a partir de uma experiência empírica concreta. Apresentam-se a identificação das estratégias criativa italiana da nossa contemporaneidade, sob aspecto da sociologia, estudos estratégicos e design. Assim, oferecer repertorio de conhecimento aos profissionais, estudantes de arte, comunicação, comercio criativo internacional e design de joias. Mostrar que é possível atender o mercado de luxo com o binômio arte-moda de valorização recíproca, como o caso do Museu Bardini e Joias Marco Baroni.
Este curso visa a utilização do software Flash da Macromedia para a realização de uma animação explicando geometria
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