Aim The aim of the study was to examine validity and diagnostic accuracy of the single‐item Faces Anxiety Scale for the purposes of preoperative anxiety screening. Background Anxiety is common in most patients expecting surgery interfering with patients' recovery. Valid and reliable measures for situations with limited time for assessment are needed. Design A descriptive cross‐sectional design was used to collect the data from both self‐report and rating instruments. Methods We enrolled 90 consecutive patients admitted for surgery in a university‐affiliated hospital from January 2013 to June 2013. Patients were administered the anxiety state subscale of the Spielberger State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and they were presented the Faces Anxiety Scale. At the same time, patients' anxiety was rated by a nurse. Results The correlations among scores of self‐report instruments, rating scale, and the Faces Anxiety Scale were high and statistically significant. Of the Faces Anxiety Scale cut‐off scores tested, the cut‐off score > 2 has an optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion The Faces Anxiety Scale is valid and easy to administer. The scale is useful in settings where fast and precise screening is necessary.
There is growing empirical evidence that personality characteristics play an important role in recovery after stroke. The aim of the submitted study is to critically evaluate findings concerning the relationship between personality characteristics and recovery outcome. Several multidisciplinary databases available to the authors of the review were searched for studies published since 2000. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Most consistent findings suggest that high neuroticism is a predictor of poor patients' outcome represented by depression and low healthrelated quality of life. Methodological limits and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Objectives: The first research objective was to study the prevalence of anxiety in patients after myocardial infarction; next objective was to investigate demographic and personality predictors of anxiety. Methods: 100 hospitalized patients after myocardial infarction were studied. The Mini IPIP tool was used for the evaluation of personality characteristics and HADS-A scale was used for the evaluation of anxiety. Multiple regression was used as an analytical framework. Results: The prevalence of significant anxiety among patients after myocardial infarction was high, almost one half of patients reported abnormal anxiety symptoms. Female gender, higher age, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness explain 66% of the variability of anxiety. Personality traits of extraversion, openness, agreeableness and previous myocardial infarctions do not show as significant predictors. Conclusion: The prevalence of anxiety in the group of patients after myocardial infarction is high. Knowing predictors of anxiety is important for better provision of care.
Effective communication skills represent a crucial aspect of competence of professionals working in institutionalized care. Quality of communication between professionals and clients has an impact on how the care is delivered, how clients perceive the care and how professionals experience their role. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of current research on the education interventions aimed at improving communication skills of professionals working with clients in institutionalized care, e.g. nursing homes. Main keywords and phrases (communication, language, education, training, intervention, role play, professionals, institutionalized care) were used to search for relevant papers in the available databases. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed from the perspective of study design, target sample (social workers, health care professionals, andragogists), applied methods of education, and quality of measures employed to assess the effect. Interventions for effective communication skills development were identified. The study summarizes the main theoretical perspectives, empirically supported intervention approaches and future directions.
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