Resulting in a J-curve pattern, the devaluation or depreciation of a currency worsens the trade balance before improving it. The aim of the paper is to investigate the J-curve effect in bilateral trade flows between Hungary and its major trading partners: Germany, Austria, Italy, France, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Poland and the Czech Republic. This paper explores the J-curve effect using quarterly data over the period 1997-2012. We include bilateral export and import flows, GDP and nominal bilateral exchange rates in the models. We employ a Johansen cointegration test to analyse the long run relationship between variables. The short run effects and related J-curve effect are explored by estimating an error correction model and by assessing impulse response functions. A typical J-curve effect is detected in bilateral trade flows with the United Kingdom. In trade flows with Austria and Italy, a partial J-curve can be observed. In bilateral trade with the Czech Republic, we explore an inverse J-curve. In other cases, the coefficient estimates follow any specific pattern.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to estimate and evaluate the impact of macroeconomic fundamentals on stock prices of selected food and drink industry stocks during the period of 2005–2015, which saw the global financial crisis and its aftermath.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper employed correlation analysis and the Johansen cointegration test with the vector error correction mechanism for EU companies operating in the food and drink industry. The paper tested the effects of GDP, inflation and interest rates (IR) on the stock prices of companies from Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Spain and the UK.
Findings
Based on the results, the authors can see that GDP has a generally positive effect on stock price development. In contrast, the relationship between stock prices and inflation and IR is negative in most cases.
Originality/value
Despite the fact that a majority of empirical research on companies in the food and drink sector was performed using the microeconomic approach, this paper used the macroeconomic approach and clearly demonstrated the effects of selected macro-variables on stock prices in selected EU markets. Macroeconomic factors shape the company’s performance and could potentially lead to persistent changes in supply and demand conditions in food and drink markets.
Company's involvement in global activities through international trade is the primary source of their foreign exchange exposure. Many empirical studies suggest the negative impact of uncertainty about the development of the exchange rate on cash flow and profitability of companies, and thus their market values. Some economic studies show that foreign revenues are positively correlated with the exchange rate exposure and in a short period, currency depreciation negatively affects the market value of listed companies. On the other hand, there are studies that show no statistically significant links between the value of the companies and exchange rates. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of exchange rates on the value of companies listed on stock exchanges in the Visegrad countries. Paper applies Jorion's model and panel data regression for the sample period 2002 -2016. Estimations for the whole period revealed negative relationship between exchange rate and value of stock companies. The highest exposure is observed in case of Hungary and Czechia. Positive tendency can be seen in comparison of pre-crisis and post-crisis period. Except the case of Hungary, all markets showed decreased exchange rate exposure in time.
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