Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) are known to have a substantial economic burden in terms of medical care costs. The objective of this study was to assess workplace-based costs associated with AECB, including absenteeism and decreased productivity, based on a review of published literature. A secondary goal was to identify factors related to workplace-based costs in AECB. A literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles assessing one or more aspects of work loss or workplace costs among patients with chronic bronchitis. A review of the identified literature indicates that patients with chronic bronchitis had more days off work; patients whose exacerbations were treated were less likely to have additional exacerbations and had comparatively less work loss. Findings suggest that clinical outcomes and workplace costs are related. While this relationship is clearer in terms of work loss, further exploration is needed to assess decreased productivity and to evaluate this relationship using objective indicators of absenteeism and productivity rather than recall.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of a new structural anthropometric measurement approach designed for those who may not have the capability to hold standardized postures. Forty-eight men and women participated in the study. Two trained researchers collected the anthropometric measurements. Twenty anthropometric dimensions were made while participants remained in a preferred or relaxed posture while seated in a wheelchair. In addition, measurements for six (6) anthropometrie dimensions were repeated while participants assumed a standard seated anthropometric reference posture. Each researcher made two measurements with an electromechanical device and with an anthropometer or spreading caliper. Mean absolute differences and statistics of agreement between methods, researchers and trials were calculated for each of the anthropometric dimensions. The results of the study indicate that use of an electromechanical device may be a promising alternative to traditional methods of assessment.