The paper deals with the requirements of the potable water cold temperature and water exchange in water piping system inside buildings. The contribution describes the main factors influencing the hygiene of potable water in terms of its temperature and a exchange in the pipeline. In buildings, the resulting water hygienic risks can be reduced using the right technical solution. The technical measures described in the paper are usage of the automatic water flushing system, design of the potable water cold circulation and cooling system and optimization of the water pipeline distribution system inside buildings.
Foul water stacks are a separate chapter in the design of sanitary installations, especially in high-rise buildings. The problematic part is the complicated hydraulic conditions in the stacks, which lead to high values of negative pressure and overpressure. Exceeding the maximum negative pressure values leads to the extraction of water from the traps, which causes the spread of annoying smells in the interior. Another problematic part is the high hydraulic jumps caused by a sudden change in the velocity of water in the stack, especially above the change in the direction of stacks. Such sudden changes in velocity cause excessive vibrations and noise that spread from stacks to the building structures and surrounding areas. The contribution deals with the issue of hydraulic conditions in the flow of foul water in stacks, assessment of the maximum values of negative pressure and overpressure, technical solutions that ensure optimal water flow in the drainage systems of buildings. Based on measurements that were performed in companies abroad, the authors prepared graphs of pressure fluctuations in stacks for selected boundary conditions.
Amount and intensity of rainfalls are increasingly changing by clime changing and increasing of temperature variations. There is increase of torrential rains, which extremely burden the construction by the huge volume of rainwater and thus effect on whole building construction. It is necessary safely lead away this amount of rainfalls to remain the building construction undamaged. The method of roof drainage mostly depends on the roof construction. Flat roofs are more sensitive to torrential rains, thus there is very important to make proper design of drainage system and location of roof runoffs. There is no Standard for dimensioning the Siphonic roof drainage system in Slovakia. In this article is shown general procedure of design the siphonic roof drainage system, based on rules contained in the German technical regulation VDI 3806 - Dachentwässerung with Druckströmung.
The biggest problem with sanitary technology in high-rise buildings is the design of foul water stacks in which high negative pressure and overpressure values must not occur. When pressure exceeds maximum values, water from the trap is ejected, sucked out, or left bubbling in the trap. Measurements by other researchers have shown that when traps lose their function, in addition to the spreading of unpleasant odors, there is also the spreading of various viruses from the sewer and drainage systems. The paper deals with the mathematical analysis and simulation of the pressure resistance of different traps under various boundary conditions, considering the quality of the internal environment. The effect of water evaporation on pressure resistance was also simulated and assessed. The results of the work are clear tables of pressure resistances with a description of their effect on the water level in the trap.
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